A Revolutionary Approach Essay Example for Free

A Revolutionary Approach Essay I believe that the pressures of work can strip the energies off anyone. Without the right motivation, anyone can be a victim of this scenario. For me, happiness is an important ingredient to make work worthwhile. Joy at work, according to Bakke (2005) begins with individual initiative and individual control. It is my great understanding that my happiness at work depends solely with my attitude. Like success, joy at work may only be achieved if I allow it to happen. I can be successful if I allow myself to be. In like manner, if I choose to be unhappy and unsuccessful, I can do things to make my life that way too. Oftentimes, we find ourselves looking for reasons to stay in a company where we work. When the excitement wears off, we start weighing our other options. Some of us may opt to try our luck somewhere. Some may even shift careers with the hope that their new chosen field will turn them into happier persons. Bakke (2005) illustrates at least 10 aspects in the workplace that will bring joy at work. First on hs list is that: When given the opportunity to use our ability to reason, make decisions, and take responsibility for our actions, we experience joy at work. This tells us that in order to achieve joy at work, we should learn to communicate our feelings to our superiors to be able to inform them of certain situations in the workplace. As responsible workers, we should also learn to make our own decisions. This will show how efficient we are and how ell we can perform the duties and responsibles assigned to us. Bakke’s Joy at Work listed that, The purpose of business is not to maximize profits for shareholders but to steward our resources to serve the world in an economically sustainable way. Putting it the other way, we should understand that what we’re doing at the moment as career persons may translate to the world in general. As workers, we are contributing to the world’s economy. Without our efforts, we may not be able to achieve economic supremacy. Thirdly, we should attempt to create the most fun workplace in the history of the world (Chapter 3). No effort should be looked upon as too small or too little. Every task when pooled together contributes to the bigger share. We can make our workplace a joyful spot for everyone by the amount of happiness we contribute. The other way to achieve joy at work is to eliminate management, organization charts, job descriptions and hourly wages. All employees must be treated with importance. Job descriptions, hourly wages and the rest will only make them compete with each other. Another important aspect of joy at work is, fairness means treating everybody differently. Each of us is unique and each of us is born with his own talent. Thus managers must see to it that their employees are treated that way they should be. The other details listed by Bakke (2005) are: Principles and values must guide all decision; put other stakeholders (shareholders, customers, suppliers, etc. ) equal to or above yourself; everyone must get advice before making a decision. If you don’t seek advice, â€Å"you’re fired; and finally, a â€Å"good† decision should make all the stakeholders unhappy because no individual or group got all they wanted; and lead with passion, humility, and love. Being happy at work boils down to one thing. I believe that everything else depends on the person. As I mentioned above, our happiness depends on us as individual persons. We can choose to either be happy or sad in the workplace. As a member of a certain company, we should learn to appreciate what we have and be happy with what we have. Work Cited: Bake, Dennis W. Joy at Work: A Revolutionary Approach to Fun on the Job. PVG. January 2005

The Garden City Movement: Development and Impacts

The Garden City Movement: Development and Impacts THE GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT The Garden City Movement was invented by Sir Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928) (Couch, 2014). It was first described in his book Garden Cities of To-morrow, published in 1902 (Ebenezer Howard, 2014). The Garden City Model introduced the application of some basic planning principles which are still in use today. It consists of self-sufficient communities surrounded by greenbelts with planned proportionate areas in agriculture, housing, commerce and industry (Audiopedia, 2014). This essay discusses the creation and development of the theoretical and planning principles of the Garden City Model and its success in solving economic and social problems of densely populated cities in UK. It also discusses the modification of these principles and their applications in modern planning theories. The search for an ideal city was due to the intense industrialization and resulting urbanization of major UK cities about the late 19th century. There were many social, economic and commercial activities in large cities, thereby causing high levels of migration from less developed regions in the UK towards these cities. This excessive immigration resulted in issues like; overpopulation, housing shortage, high rents, air pollution, urban slums and lack of sunlight and open spaces (Howard, 1902). According to (Fishman, 1982), Howard perceived the economy to be corrupt, inhumane, inefficient and unhealthy(see Fig 1,2). Fig. 1 Hine (1912) Fig. 2 Industrial Cities (n.d.) Analyzing the issues developed by the rapid urbanization, Howard noticed a contrasting phenomenon in the  countryside. The countryside suffered from; depopulation, lack of amusement, lack of society, capital and labour. The town had all that the country was lacking and vice-versa. Howard then sort to combine the best aspects of  the town and the country in formation of the garden city (Ebenezer Howard, 2014). Fig. 3 The Three Magnets. (1902) Redefining the town and countryside as magnets, the people as needles, and man’s socio-economic desires  as attraction, Howard realized the theory of The Three Magnets, introducing the third alternative; the Town-Country Magnet (Howard, 1902).The Town- Country offers; high wages, social opportunities, and places of amusements, healthy living conditions, low rents, and large parks (Howard, 1902). Howard believed that the Town-Country would enhance the enjoyment of human society and the beauty of nature simultaneously (Fishman, 1982). In order to achieve the socio-economic aspects of the Town-Country, the ideal city would run by communal land ownership, whereby, the rent would be the main source of revenue, employed by municipality(governing body) in the creation and maintenance of public amenities, old age pensions, and accident insurance (Howard, 1902). The Garden City was to be built from scratch on agricultural land, which had low ecological value, thereby increasing the value of the land, so that it could generate significant revenue through rent for municipality (Howard, 1902). Fig. 4 Garden-City. (1902). Fig. 5 Ward and Centre Garden-City. (1902). The spatial plan of a sector of the city Although the Garden City Model is very descriptive, it is not a morphological but rather socio-economic illustration of principles (Butcher, 2010). Planned in a concentric pattern, with six radial boulevards, on a site of 6000 acres, the Garden City would have a population of 32,000 people (Audiopedia, 2014). In the centre of the city lies a public garden, surrounded by the public buildings which includes; hospital, library, museum, picture-gallery, town hall, concert hall and theatre (John, 2014). The succeeding space is the central park for recreational activities. These large parks are more of country features, but they perform much better in the town-country because of the increment in population. Beyond the central park is the crystal palace a circular glass arcade, for commercial activities (John, 2014). Placement of the crystal palace beside the central park shows Howard’s intentions of connecting human activities with nature. Before the invention of Howard’s pri nciples, commercial zones in the cities rarely had parks and open spaces, because of the high value of land. It is now a common planning practice today to have open spaces in commercial areas. Beyond the crystal palace are houses with tree lined streets, additional parks occupied by public schools, playgrounds and churches (John, 2014). On the outskirts of the city are industries with direct access to the railway, saving cost of packaging and cartage and transportation of goods from the train to and fro factories (John, 2014). The rest of town beyond the railway is utilized as agricultural land held by various individuals and organizations and also providing alternative farm job opportunities to the working class without separating them from the city (Howard, 1902). This agricultural land also serves as a barrier to urban sprawl, as it cannot be built on. As shown in Figure 6, the use of green belts to control urban sprawl is still evident in UK cities today. Fig. 7 Group of Slumless Smokeless Cities. (1902). Considering the fact that town country community is bound to reach its population capacity due to its socio-economic advantages, Howard envisioned as series of garden cities, separated by green belts and connected by roads and railways, with the central city having a population of 58000 (see Fig.7). The introduction of these series also controls the excessive migration to cities with more attractions. Fig. 8Letchworth-1925 Poster. (n.d.) Fig. 9 Original plan of first Garden City, Letchworth 1904. (n.d.) Howards Garden city model was directly experimented on two towns; Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City. Letchworth was the first Garden City ever built (Ebenezer Howard, 2014). It lies on a train line, 35 miles from London, located in Herdfordshire, England, and it covers an area of 5,500 acres, which used to serve as agricultural land with little or no value (Ebenezer Howard, 2014). Although Letchworth was not designed in a regular concentric pattern, it follows the zoning principles of the Garden City Model. In other to build Letchworth, Howard needed funding, but he did not get any financial support from the government. I suppose it was because the development of his ideal city had no positive effect on the pre-existing cities, which have been invested heavily upon. The idea of destroying or ignoring pre-existing cities to rebuilt perfect ones was also the basis of many other revolutionists in solving the industrial crisis. This approach displays the lack of consideration of the fina ncial requirements in the realization of ideal cities. According to Audiopedia (2014), Howard got financial support only from private investors who were concerned with their personal profits, rather than the communal growth of Letchworth City. As a result, Howard forwent the idea of communal land ownership with no landlords (Audiopedia, 2014). Fig. 9 Aerial photo of Letchworth Garden City (n.d.) Fig. 10 Howard Park (n.d.) Fig. 11 Broadway Gardens (n.d.) Letchworth was environmentally successful, with lots of open spaces and public parks healthy living conditions and beautiful tree-lined streets, most of which remain today (Letchworth Garden City Heritage Foundation, 2014). The city attracted firms because of the cheap rent and surplus space, resulting from its earlier use as agricultural land. It also attracted residents, as the living conditions were favorable. Due to the fact that the implementation of communal land ownership was ignored, the rents were not cheap, they could only be afforded by skilled white collar workers (Audiopedia, 2014). Letchworth failed partially as an independent community because of the improved transportation system which made it easier to connect to London. Welwyn, the second Garden City, 20 miles from London, performed just as well as Letchworth, but it lacked public, commercial and industrial buildings, which caused it to depend heavily on London for socio-economic activities. Due to the physical success of Letchworth, the principles of the Garden city were applied to various developments worldwide and in most cases it has been misconceived as the development of suburbs. The New Towns Act 1946, implement by the government after World War II. was inspired by the Garden City Movement (Audiopedia, 2014). The Act, involved the designation of land for the development of garden suburbs in U.K (New Towns Act 1946, 2014). The development of ne towns meant the suburbanization of cities, which was the antithesis to Howard’s theory (Audiopedia, 2014). Despite it’s contradiction Howard thoery, the New towns succeeded in offering healthy living conditions, and maintaining the population density, but they were not economically independent. Fig. 12 Uxcester Garden City. (2014) Fig – new suburbs in blue, pre-existing city in grey. Recently, the Uxcester Garden City; an imaginary city, inspired by the Garden City Model, was announced the winner of the 2014 Wolfsons Economic prize (Sweet, 2014). It was initiated as a solution to the current U.K housing shortage crisis. It is a combination of the planning principles of the Garden City and the suburbanization scheme of the New Towns. Unlike, the Garden City, it is not built from scratch, but rather gradually incorporated into pre-existing cities. The scheme involves the development of residential communities on agricultural green belts, which are presently considered to have low ecological value (Sweet, 2014). Fig. 13 Uxcester Garden City. (2014). Organic representation of Uxcester. Each community is planned to have half it’s area designated to; forests, public parks and lakes (Sweet, 2014). These new residential communities would require reliable transportation systems, linking them to the city centre, which provides the most social activities. On the other hand, the new suburbs will revitalize the city centre by channeling new demand for what is on offer there (Sweet, 2014). Although the scheme involves suburbanization of cities, it observes the Garden City objectives, which includes the provision of healthy living conditions to ordinary people and socio-economic independence. The Garden City Model inspired the New Towns Act and Uxcester Garden City. It has had a major effect on town planning, which has a direct effect on human behavior. Howard’s principles have recently been adopted in the development of Uxcester Garden City scheme for solving housing shortage problem U.K is facing today. Although the effect Uxcester will have on U.K. housing has not been decided, I think the further development of suburbs would either increase the lack of job opportunities or increase the volume of commercial buildings in the city centre. It will then be up to architects to ensure healthy working conditions in these city centres. References Aerial photo of Letchworth Garden City. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://www.letchworth.com/heritage-foundation/news-and-blog/media-enquiries [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Audiopedia . (2014).Garden city movement. [Online Video]. 13 November. Available from:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_MacpHZ-Bk. [Accessed: 03 January 2015]. Broadway Gardens. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://www.letchworth.com/heritage-foundation/news-and-blog/media-enquiries [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Butcher, L., 2010. ARCHITECTURE + URBANISM. [ONLINE] Available at: http://architectureandurbanism.blogspot.co.uk/2010/10/ebenezer-howard-garden-cities-of-to.html [Accessed 03 01 2015]. Couch, A. (2014) Arch 221 Urban Studies Week 4 Lecture: Note taking skills from lectures and readings, Liverpool: School of Architecture. Fishman, R., 1982. Urban Utopias in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. Garden-City. (1902). [image] Available at: http://longstreet.typepad.com/thesciencebookstore/2008/09/history-of-the.html [Accessed 1 Jan. 2015]. Group of Slumless Smokeless Cities. (1902). [image] Available at: https://socialethicsoundideasandfreedom.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/garden-city.png [Accessed 3 Jan. 2015]. Hawkes, J. (n.d.).Houses, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire. [image] Available at: http://stock.jasonhawkes.com/media/8d181e48-3248-11e1-900f-1127b07b6f75-houses-welwyn-garden-city-hertfordshire [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Hine, L. (1912).New York: Tenements. [image] Available at: http://www.allposters.com/-sp/New-York-Tenements-1912-Posters_i8677584_.htm [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Howard, E., 1902. Garden Cities of To-morrow. [ONLINE] Second Edition ed. s.l.: Sonnenschein Co., Ltd. Available at: https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/h/howard/ebenezer/garden_cities_of_to-morrow/complete.html#chapter7. [Accessed 01 January 2015]. Howard Park. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://www.letchworth.com/heritage-foundation/news-and-blog/media-enquiries [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Industrial Cities. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://johnsonschneider.weebly.com/ [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. John W. Reps,. 2014.Garden Cities Of Tomorrow. [ONLINE] Available at: http://urbanplanning.library.cornell.edu/DOCS/howard.htm [Accessed 02 January 15]. Letchworth-1925 Poster. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/11/11.001j/f01/lectureimages/6/image31.html [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Letchworth Garden City Heritage Foundation, (2014).Letchworth Garden City. [online] Available at: http://www.letchworth.com/heritage-foundation/letchworth-garden-city/quick-facts [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Louis de Soissons, Welwyn Garden City town plan. (1921). [image] Available at: http://cashewnut.me.uk/WGCbooks/web-WGC-books-1975-1.php [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Sdoutz, F. (2015).à ¢- ± GARDEN CITIES Howard, Unwin Parker, Lutyens, de Soissons Links. [online] ARCHITECTURETHEORY.NET. Available at: http://www.mediaarchitecture.at/architekturtheorie/garden_cities/2011_garden_cities_links_en.shtml [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Lucey, N. (1973).The Effect of Sir Ebenezer Howard and the Garden City Movement on Twentieth Century Town Planning. 1st ed. [ebook] Hertfordshire: Norman Lucey. Available at: http://www.rickmansworthherts.freeserve.co.uk/howard1.htm#snd [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. New Towns Act 1946. (2014).Wikipedia. [online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Towns_Act_1946oldid=621188191 [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Sdoutz, F. (2015).à ¢- ± GARDEN CITIES Howard, Unwin Parker, Lutyens, de Soissons Links. [online] ARCHITECTURETHEORY.NET. Available at: http://www.mediaarchitecture.at/architekturtheorie/garden_cities/2011_garden_cities_links_en.shtml [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Sweet, R. (2014). Welcome to Uxcester, the imaginary city that has British planners in a flap. Global Construction Review. [online] Available at: http://www.globalconreview.com/sectors/welcome-uxcester-imaginary-city-has36392725british/ [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. The Three Magnets. (1902). [image] Available at: http://longstreet.typepad.com/thesciencebookstore/2008/09/history-of-the.html [Accessed 1 Jan. 2015]. U.K. Green Belts. (2014). [image] Available at: http://www.estatesgazette.com/blogs/london-residential-research/2014/02/green-belt-fit-21st-century/ [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Uxcester Garden City. (2014). [image] Available at: http://www.archdaily.com/545656/urbed-s-bold-proposal-to-reinvigorate-the-garden-city-movement/ [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Original plan of first Garden City, Letchworth 1904. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://lunaprod.library.cornell.edu/images/RMC/Size4/RMC0129/RMC2011_0602.jpg?userid=10username=administratorresolution=4servertype=JVAcid=10iid=CORNELLvcid=NAusergroup=Facultyprofileid=2 [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Ward and Centre Garden-City. (1902). [image] Available at: http://longstreet.typepad.com/thesciencebookstore/2008/09/history-of-the.html [Accessed 2 Jan. 2015]. Ebenezer Howard. (2014).Wikipedia. [online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer_Howard [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Welwyn Garden City. (2014).Wikipedia. [online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welwyn_Garden_City [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015].

Most Influential Event in the 20th Century was the Cold War :: essays research papers

What event of the 20th century, not 21st, has had the greatest impact on the world in which we live today? Justify your answer and describe the relationship between the event you choose and the current state of global affairs. The 20th century was arguably the most eventful span of a hundred years ever. Innumerable wars (Including two World Wars), countless inventions and discoveries, space explorations, great achievements, Liberalization of various countries, have occurred during this span of time. I would pick out one such incident from the 20th century which has had a great impact- if not the greatest on the world. According to me, The Cold war which lasted for nearly forty-three years was a significant event in the 20th century. Although no official war was declared during this period of time between the United States of America and the then-U.S.S.R., it was a crucial face-off between these two superpowers to expand their influence over the globe.

Teaching Philosophy Statement :: Teachers Education Learning School Essays

Teaching Philosophy Statement I have a dream and that dream is to one day become a teacher. I have had this since I was a small child and I would play school with all my friends and my sister. I will always remember on the last day of school asking my teacher for any old teachers manuals or worksheets that she was going to discard so that I could pretend to play school all summer. I also remember as a child that I always preferred to go to the stationary department of a store to select to play school with over buying something from the toy department. There are many reasons why I dream of being a teacher. Of course, I think it would be great to not have to work nights, weekends, holidays, snow days, or summers, but now there is a greater reason and that reason is to touch the lives of students like some of my teachers have touched my life. As a teacher you have the ability to not only affect the student's present life, but also their future and the future of our country. It will also allow me to have th e best of both worlds: to have a rewarding career as well as be home with my children when they are not in school. As a teacher I plan to incorporate the essentialist and behaviorist philosophies into my future classroom. I feel that it will be important to incorporate the essentialist educational philosophy into my classroom because I believe that it is important to instill in our youth not only academic knowledge, but also character development. I feel that if they receive these two things they will be more prepared to face the real world. It is important to teach them respect for authority and consideration for others because unfortunately in this day and time so many people lack things. It is important to teach them perseverance so that they will be willing to work hard and never stop until they have reached their goals. It is also important to teach them practicality because we live in a very unpractical world. I believe the core courses, that include: reading, writing, computing, history, geography, natural sciences, foreign languages, social studies, and government are essential to a student's future in college and beyond. Teaching Philosophy Statement :: Teachers Education Learning School Essays Teaching Philosophy Statement I have a dream and that dream is to one day become a teacher. I have had this since I was a small child and I would play school with all my friends and my sister. I will always remember on the last day of school asking my teacher for any old teachers manuals or worksheets that she was going to discard so that I could pretend to play school all summer. I also remember as a child that I always preferred to go to the stationary department of a store to select to play school with over buying something from the toy department. There are many reasons why I dream of being a teacher. Of course, I think it would be great to not have to work nights, weekends, holidays, snow days, or summers, but now there is a greater reason and that reason is to touch the lives of students like some of my teachers have touched my life. As a teacher you have the ability to not only affect the student's present life, but also their future and the future of our country. It will also allow me to have th e best of both worlds: to have a rewarding career as well as be home with my children when they are not in school. As a teacher I plan to incorporate the essentialist and behaviorist philosophies into my future classroom. I feel that it will be important to incorporate the essentialist educational philosophy into my classroom because I believe that it is important to instill in our youth not only academic knowledge, but also character development. I feel that if they receive these two things they will be more prepared to face the real world. It is important to teach them respect for authority and consideration for others because unfortunately in this day and time so many people lack things. It is important to teach them perseverance so that they will be willing to work hard and never stop until they have reached their goals. It is also important to teach them practicality because we live in a very unpractical world. I believe the core courses, that include: reading, writing, computing, history, geography, natural sciences, foreign languages, social studies, and government are essential to a student's future in college and beyond.

Music Industry Struggles to Get Cell phone?s Numbers :: essays research papers

â€Å"Music Industry Struggles to Get Cell phone’s Numbers†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is a new trend bringing together cell phones and digital music called ringtones. These ringtones are customized ringers that a customer can download directly to their cell phone. This business has seen quick and expansive growth in the past 2 years and is expected to grow for at least a couple more years. Initially cell phones came with just a handful of default ringers the user could choose from, but now they are able to download digitalized versions of their favorite song. Some new phone technologies even allow the ringers to include actual samples of real music including vocals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The ringtone market is a strong competitor with the online music market. The ringtone version of rapper 50-Cent’s song â€Å"In Da Club† actually outsold digital sales of the song. This is impressive because this ringtone was only 30 seconds, had no vocals, and priced at nearly two dollars was twice the cost of downloading the full digital song from Apple’s iTunes digital music store. Customers of Sprint bought 500,000 copies of Beyone’s â€Å"Crazy in Love† at $2.50 a piece. Estimates of world wide sales claim that ringer sales in 2003 reached nearly $3 billion. According to BMI, the royalty collection group, the American market was between $66 and $68 million in 2003 and is expected to reach $240 million in just the first 6 months of 2004.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The licensing of music to be turned into a ringer faces several legal issues. All parties involved in originally creating the music must agree to have their music digitally recreated as a ringer. The article reports that many songs, especially in the rap industry, involve many collaborators which further extends the licensing dilemma. The hit song â€Å"Yeah† by Usher took over 6 months to reach ringtones because one of the many parties involved held out in tough negotiations. While the major online ringtone publishers face these legal battles, there is another ethical issue that arises concerning the grey-market operators that provide cheap versions of hits without licensing. Further, this is legal discussion as to who should be getting the bigger piece of the royalties involving the ringtones. The publishing companies turning out the digital ringers typically get 10% of the sale price or 10 cents while the master ring tones that include actual song sample s bring in nearly 30 cents.

Curious Images Essay

Images are significant parts of our lives as they confine and define all that is familiar to us. Human mind has a tendency to associate feelings with images. Each feeling has a face; our fears, contemplations, pleasure, hope, failure etc. , all have a face. So vivid are these faces that as soon as an emotion or thought sprouts in the mind, an image flashes to gratify our senses; so strong is the grip of these images that we keep relating and projecting our thoughts, feelings and memories with them. We see an example of this in R. L. Stevenson’s â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr.  Hyde†, where the personality of Mr. Hyde becomes active as soon as his Dr. Jekyll’s thoughts change. For this reason, something that is unknown always causes a feeling of discomfort as it has no visual representation. Our entire lives revolve around familiar and unfamiliar images. The conscious part of our mind always relies on these images to identify our world. Thus, images influence us strongly, sometimes manipulating us, while at other times, playing tricks upon us, like ceiling fan and motion pictures, as demonstrated by Oliver Sack in â€Å"In the Rivers of Consciousness†. Our perceptions sometimes makes us prisoner of our thoughts, binding us into bouts of endless torment. Society often slots our actions into bold categories of good and bad, which forces people to lead dual lives, becoming unwittingly, victim of these images. Dr. Jekyll from the â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† is one such person who is suffering from this inner conflict of maintaining a good image in the society (R. L. Stevenson). Due to this obsession he undertakes the task of transforming his personality chemically. â€Å"A change had come over me. It was no longer the fear of gallows, it was the horror of being Hyde that racked me. † (430). In an attempt to get rid of the evil side of his personality, Dr. Jekyll drinks a potion he creates, which brings out the personality of Mr. Hyde. However to his horror, he discovers that Mr. Hyde becomes more and more monstrous as days go by. This really bothers him because ironically Mr. Hyde had turned out to be totally opposite to what he had imagined. It becomes very difficult for him to keep this side of his personality hidden any longer and this fear of being discovered ultimately with a negative image causes him to kill himself. Tormented by his thoughts of wanting a good image for himself, Dr. Jekyll carried out a dangerous experiment which turned out to be a disaster. Here we see how images created in the mind can manipulate a person to create a harmony between the bigger image created by the society, making him a prisoner of his thoughts. In case of Dr. Jekyll, we also observe that thoughts, for example, of good and evil which translates into an image of moral stance, become more powerful when suppressed. â€Å"By then, Freud emphasized, the wish maybe disguised to the point of being unrecognizable. Things might even appear their opposites: pleasure as pain, desire as fear. † (Gelman, Dreams on the Couch). Here we take a look at Freud’s explanation of seemingly weird dreams. He goes on to explain that something which is like a social taboo, gets suppressed in the mind to an extent where it seems to be exact opposite. Such an image, due to getting suppressed becomes more powerful. â€Å"Thus there are two forces operating: the wish, and a defense against it, a censor. † (133). The wish or desire being a social taboo, causes the dreamer to dream exact opposite of what he desires. But this is not always the case, as argued by many other analysts. â€Å"There is no need to assume dreams have a latent content†, says Harry Fiss†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (134). The images or memories which have been very significant to the dreamer must be taken into consideration as they remain in subconscious and influence our thought process. Thus, we see how the image created by the society influences the images created in the minds of people. Human mind works in a complex way to decipher the images which it keeps viewing, creating and transforming. Sometimes the captured image puts the mind into a trancelike state and at other times tricking the mind to cause an illusion. â€Å"Freed from inhibitions of verbal communication, it seems, we respond to visual imagery that may have been our earliest mode of thinking- one reason, perhaps, why the language of poetry can stir us as it does. That may explain, too, why some dreams can haunt us with a power more persuasive even than that of poetry, shimmering in the mind like lost cities or leaving us, for hours afterward, with an unaccountable feeling of terror. † (Gelman, Dreams on the Couch). A moment which might have been very significant in a person’s life lays hidden in the subconscious layers of the mind. Constant storage of images in our minds, sometimes cause them to jumble up. That’s why our dreams are made of up of images that sometimes make sense and very often do not, explaining why we sometimes have pleasant dreams and at other times suffer from nightmares. â€Å"When the analyst asked the patient if he associated anything with the â€Å"Malarial Area†, he decided, after some thought, that the phrase could be an anagram. † (137). Here we see how the patient’s long forgotten childhood memories distorted his dreams. â€Å"In this patient, whom they call Mrs. M. , there were â€Å"freeze frames† lasting several seconds, during which Mrs. M. would see a prolonged, motionless image and be visually unaware of any movement around her, though her flow of thought and perception was otherwise normal. † (Sacks, In the Rivers of Consciousness). Here we see Mrs. M. getting caught in a frozen moment. The similarity between these situations is how images manipulate these two patients to be caught in the moment. The interesting difference here is how perception creates an image, which one remembers in his dream with his eyes closed, and the other doesn’t with her eyes open. Images sometimes play a trick of optical illusion, causing the brain to believe and perceive motions differently. When we see a series of still images in quick succession, there is an illusion which leads us to believe that we are in fact looking at one continuous motion picture. This optical illusion tricks the mind into believing that which is not the case. â€Å"Another striking example of perceptual standstill could be demonstrated with a common visual illusion, that of the Necker cube. Normally, when we look at this ambiguous perspective drawing of a cube, it switches perspective every few seconds, first seeming to project, then to recede, and no effort of will suffices to prevent this switching back and forth. † (Sacks, In the Rivers of Consciousness). This perspective switching portrays an image which keeps changing and is not still. This is in huge contrast with the case of Mrs. M. , who experiences a standstill trance like state, where she perceives the image in front of her to be motionless. Her perspective doesn’t change for elongated periods of time, until perhaps someone interrupts her. Similarly, ceiling fan sometimes seems to be going in the forward direction, while at other times in the opposite direction. Further, as Sacks goes on to explain how people who suffer from migraine perceive what they see. The migraine patients in their delirium see flickering images, which accelerate to restore normal motion. In all these case, we see how moving images are perceived by the brain, sometimes rushing and causing fluid like motion. At other times, freezing and causing a trance like state. This concept has today advanced into the making of motion pictures, advanced imaging devices etc. From prehistoric times, man has given immense importance to images. This is confirmed by the ancient cave paintings. We see that drawing or creating images fulfills a deeper aspect of human personality, as it offers a very strong medium of self expression. Sometimes images form a pattern in the mind, locking us in that moment, as we see in the case of Mrs. M. â€Å"In the River of Consciousness† by Oliver Sacks. Sometimes they offer a familiar territory to which we are used to, while at other times, they act as agents in visual communication. Images take on a variety of forms and functions. They create patterns in our minds which make us happy, sad and fearful, as we keep relying upon them subconsciously. Often, we don’t realize how much our lives are influenced by them. The way we dress, work, live, are all influenced by the perceived images which we have created in our minds ever since we were born. This is a never ending process which continues as long as we live. Images rule our conscious and sub conscious, also influencing our dreams, as we observe in â€Å"Dreams on the Couch† by David Gelman. Living in a society, where images and appearances are very important, we often perform actions which do not always leave us happy. R. L. Stevenson’s â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† is a classic example of this. In such situations, our suppressed desires sometimes try to overcome our sensibility, till there comes a point where we are forced to look at the bigger picture. Are we truly what we portray ourselves to be or we pretend to be someone who we want to be? Whatever be the case, one cannot deny the impact that images have on our lives, positive or negative. Man, being a social animal adapts himself to put on various images sometimes for himself, sometimes for the society he lives in; sometimes knowingly, sometimes unknowingly. Works Cited Stevenson, R. L. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. 1886. (Gelman, Dreams on the Couch) (Sacks, In the Rivers of Consciousness)

Which is the more reliable source for investigating people’s attitudes in 1910 towards the campaign?

Source D is a newspaper report about a demonstration by women in London in 1910; we can infer these women were Suffragettes as it was around the time of the peak in Suffrage activity and the obscenities mentioned are more closely related to those of the Suffragettes than any other group. However the author of the article, mistakenly, refers to them throughout the report as Suffragists. This shows the writer's lack of knowledge on the matter, and their ignorance to the issue leads us to believe they don't even know the full story. We can also infer from this that the author was anti all women suffrage, and all groups of women who wanted the vote; Suffragettes and Suffragists. It is very likely that the author of the newspaper article in Source D was a man. We can deduce this, as around the time it was written, we know men were considered more important and therefore it is unlikely there would have been many female reporters. We can also deduce this because, although there were some women who were anti-suffrage, the majority were indeed men. Knowing this about the author would lead us to believe the article is biased against women and would therefore present them in the most negative light. The article has a rather gossipy tone to it, and although some strong facts are put across (the Suffragettes did storm the House of Commons, arrests were made, the women were led by Mrs Pankhurst and they did come from the Council of War at Caxton Hall), most of it is opinion, for instance, â€Å"It was a picture of shameful recklessness†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , is a point of view, not a fact. However this is helpful in giving us an insight into the opinions of the public too, around this time. The article was written for the Daily Sketch, a tabloid; the author would have been writing to sell papers, he would therefore be writing things that would appeal to the public and please them. We can therefore infer from the source that the public views were also anti-suffrage. Source E is a postcard issued by the Suffragettes in 1910. It is obviously a piece of propaganda as it was made by the Suffragettes and is an argument in favour of votes for women. The point it is arguing and is also proving is that, you can be a decent woman (a doctor, a nurse or a mother) and not receive the vote, but an indecent man (a lunatic, a drunkard) can receive it. Both Sources are very reliable and they are both useful in showing the reader vastly different attitudes about the campaign to gain women the vote. Source E is very good at showing us the positive side to the argument. It is very reliable in showing what Suffragettes attitudes were, however, it is purely opinionated, and being a piece of propaganda it gives us no insight into the public's view of the matter. That is why Source D is more reliable, more people supported Source D's point of view. It is extremely useful in showing attitudes towards women's suffrage and, taking into consideration that the newspaper's main aim is to report on current affairs, the story must be more dependable and factual. Being a popular tabloid also gives us a deeper insight to the views of the public, as the writer's opinions would mirror those of the public-therefore, as the writer's views were negative, it means the public's were too. In conclusion, Source D is more reliable for investigating people's attitudes in 1910 towards the Suffrage campaign.