Persists in central Africans Essay

The text notes that an alternate allele of the hemoglobin gene can cause sickle-cell anemia when a person is homozygous for this allele, but that a person who is heterozygous for the allele actually can derive a benefit from it–protection from malaria. In the United States, 8 percent of African Americans are carriers for the sickle-cell allele, while in central Africa the figure is 20 percent. What could account for this difference? Assess. Answer: The difference could be accounted for by the prevalence of malaria disease in central Africa. Heterozygous carriers of the disease are resistant to malaria. Furthermore, there is a at leasr a 25% chance that the heterozygous trait is passed on to the next generation. Malaria is more prevalent in central Africa than in America. African Americans are not as exposed to malaria as central Africans are. Therefore, the sickle-cell trait is being faced out gradually in African Americans. Central Africans on the other hand are continually exposed to the disease. The trait therefore persists in their genome. More malaria resistant individuals are born. Unfortunately, they are heterozygous carriers of the sickle-cell trait. When two heterozygous individuals produce offsprings, there is a 25% chance that a one of them is a homozygous for sickle-cell disease. Therefore, the trait persists in central Africans.

Gender Roles in the United States Essay

1. Briefly discuss the history of ethnic relations in the United States. The ethnic history of the United States was long rooted during the colonial period. The first settlements in the United States were the Spanish outposts in the towns of Florida and California and a French outpost in Louisiana. English colonizers declared the United States’ independence in 1776 due to their yearning for freedom from their own country (Doane). â€Å"The class, racial, ethnic, and gender relationships of the contemporary nation have their roots in the colonial period† (Doane). Because of the failure to force Native American settlers to work on the fields, the British settlers resorted in importing African slaves to work on cotton plantations located at the South, while the Whites chose to reside on the North to further hone their emerging industries (Doane). The ethnic relations of the United States during the early years are characterized by the major issue of racism and discrimination based on skin color. During the colonial times, the poor whites and the indentured servants served as bridges for the slaves and the landlords. The poor whites tried to identify themselves with the rich landowning whites and propagated the idea of white racial identity rather than the class identity (Doane). This action in turn reinforced the racial discrimination in the country. The status, skin color and position in the labor market characterized the relationships among racial and ethnic groups. Some of the Blacks migrated northward to work on industrial jobs but disparity continued as they were paid less than the whites on comparable jobs. The Blacks also received less social benefits than the Whites reinforcing discrimination (Doane). 2. Describe the process of gender role socialization. Give examples of how females and males are trained to fulfill the expectations of their gender roles. There is a tendency for the society to mandate societal rules and determine what is right and acceptable to the people. This process is referred to as gender role socialization, wherein social institutions control the society’s expectations on â€Å"dress code, language, personality, leisure activities and aspirations for each sex† (Padavic and Reskin 53). Through this process, people learn their gender identity. The society associates well established values, attitudes, behavior, choices and performance that are appropriate for gender categories such as men and women. People are able to absorb the specific roles that the society is trying to inculcate to the members of a particular sex (Senior 25). Learning our gender roles is important in the aspect of socialization and our interaction with other people. Childhood experiences of socialization prepare the people in their gender and social roles in such a way that adult members of the society are expecting them to behave (Senior 25). Even as children, people have been trained to behave and act according to their biological sexual orientation. And as such, parents reinforce gender role socialization on their child-rearing methods. They give toy guns and robots to their male children and dolls and kitchen utensils to their female children. People may be unconsciously aware but through this method, social roles are being inculcated within the consciousness of children in the society as they become adults. Toy guns for male children depict that males should be aggressive and courageous. Boys are also more exposed to high-tech toys like PSP and Gameboy reflecting their advantage in the technological field of industry. Female children or girls, on the other hand, are encouraged to play with dolls and kitchen utensils to prepare them to their future social roles which are in charged of the household, homemaker and as domestic provider. It also encouraged the attitudes of women to become caring and nurturing. 3. Discuss the evidence, which points to either gender roles being biological or cultural in origin. Base on this evidence, what conclusions can be drawn about the origins of gender roles. Discuss some of the most important sources of gender inequalities in our society. How can these inequalities be alleviated? One of the speculated causes of the significant difference in the attitudes and social characteristics between men and women is their biological structure. It was said that genes and other biological components play a big role in influencing these social characteristics. There are biological explanations provided in an attempt to examine aggressiveness in males. It was already known that the inherent presence of Y gene in the 23rd chromosome makes males susceptible to physical disarray. However, there is no strong evidence explaining the role of genetics in the aggressiveness of individuals, particularly the males. Several indicators of violence have been found to be more evident in males than in females (Englander 122). Research further reveals the role of androgens in the prevalence of violence. Androgens are male sex hormones that are abundant in males. These hormones were indirectly linked to criminal violence and also to traditional behavior. Studies show that women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a medical condition in which androgens are secreted in the uterus of females, have an inclination to male tastes and preferences. Although there is no concrete evidence of the relationship between androgens and violence, it was suspected to be the reason behind men’s more aggressive behavior (Englander 123). Another biological factor that is thought to be responsible behind the violent attitude of men is the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO). Behavioral patterns are related to the level of MOA presence in the blood. Men are found to have lower levels of MAO than women. Lower MAO levels are associated with aggressiveness and the sudden burst of anger and frustrations, especially impulsiveness (Englander 123). Another essential factor that was believed to be responsible for the development of aggression in men and the nurturing attitude of women is the social construction or the difference in how each was reared and molded by culture and society. A person’s social environment is accountable for the values inculcated in his or her personality. His or her socially-constructed identity is viewed to be inherent with his biological sex. Difference in gender has a widespread effect in the society, which was supported by documented knowledge in socio-biology and evolutionary psychology. This collection of knowledge states that men and women are irrevocably different in bodily configurations (Taylor & Spencer 41). Such disparities in gender can be alleviated through programs that will breach the inequality in gender such as having equal opportunity on the workplace. We could also start hastening changes through campaign programs that will call for equality between genders. Works Cited Doane, Molly. 2007. â€Å"Culture of United States of America†. Advameg, Inc. 11 November 2008 . Englander, Elizabeth Kandel. Understanding Violence. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. , 2007. Padavic, Irene and Barabara F. Reskin. Women and Men at Work, 2nd edition. Thousand Oaks, California: Pine Forge Press, 2002. Senior, Olive. Working Miracles. London: James Currey Ltd. , 1991. Taylor, Gary and Steve Spencer. Social Identities: Multidisciplinary Approaches. New York: Routledge, 2004.

Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Questions - Essay Example He also stated that the importance and allegation of myth depends on the investigation pertaining to a particular philosophy. In terms of philosophical investigations, Plato revealed that myths are considered to be full of errors. This is decided based on the type of myth and the philosophy in which it is being utilized. Phaedo, Plato’s innovative work describes about death and the myths that revolve around the concept of death. It also defines the opposites and their arguments which in turn emphasize on the fact that myths are considered to be a concept which relies on arguments and opposites. Acceptance of a philosophy or a theory and the knowledge of that theory depends on the reality. The theories must comply well with its existence even before it is perceived to become a reality. The special conditions and limits define the way in which a myth is understood and conceived. Metaphysics was named as Aristotle’s first philosophy and it described the universal principles and the existence of human beings. This theory emphasized on the wisdom and its nature and this was explained in a scientific manner. Aristotle aimed at rediscovering the scientific facts which is considered to be a turning point in the field of science. Even the existence of universe and humanity where explained in a different perspective. His opinion about was also different and he made it a point to explain them in each and every work of his. (Cohen, 2005). Myth donned a completely different role in Aristotle’s metaphysics. Though Aristotle was a follower of Plato, his opinion and judgment on myth was entirely different when compared to that of Plato’s. Aristotle’s idea of myth was considered to be harsh in most of his philosophies. But in certain situations, he appreciates the concept of myth and defines it in a cosmological and

Core Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Core - Essay Example Hence the sincere political beliefs of the Americans in neutrality were overridden by the compulsions of the economy. It was a time when the politicians spoke of democracy and prosperity. This prosperity was visible in the growing incomes and higher living standards of people in Europe and England as well as the US. The phenomenon arose from the wealth generated mainly from the nations of Asia and Africa and at their cost. Hence there was also a conflict brewing between the haves and the have nots. The notion of uniting the exploiter and the exploited under the guise of a united democratic nation provided a safety valve to douse the fires of class conflict. Capitalism needed to create an artificial unity between the rich and poor in order to put an end to class conflict and war and the unity necessary to fight off the aggressor provided this. The American Dream refers to the ideals of freedom, equality and opportunity available to every American. It also refers to the personal happiness and material comfort sought by individuals in the US. This dream seems to have been seriously impacted by the laws passed during WWI. The espionage act seriously restricted freedom of speech and the draft law is against personal freedom of choice. During and after the war there was a conscious effort to repress socialism that had begun to take root. Although the espionage act was meant to apply only during war, it has been in force for a long time as America has consistently been at war since the Korean war of 1950. The American dream refers to the opportunity the American people had to live their lives in happiness through the route of hard work, and the opportunities to discover their strengths and find success as a result of the choices they made in life. Laws like the draft law that impacted the right to freedom of choice and the espionage act that clamped down on freedom of speech that was part of the American Dream was

Zoology. Mitosis and biglight phases of embryological development Essay

Zoology. Mitosis and biglight phases of embryological development - Essay Example Mitosis is divided into these following phases: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Prophase is when the chromatin liquefies into a structure known as a chromosome, which allows the chromatin to become visible. Prometaphase is what happens when the nuclear envelope breaks itself into smaller fragments and then disappears entirely. Metaphase takes place when the chromosomes are situated in the center of the cell prior to splitting into the two daughter cell sets. Anaphase is when the chromosomes separate within the eukaryotic cell. The last phase, telophase, is when the stages and effects of prophase and prometaphase are reversed within the eukaryotic cell. Meiosis takes place when the chromosomes are split into halves, and is an essential part of sexual reproduction. Meiosis has many more complex stages then mitosis, as seen in the following: meiosis 1, prophase 1 (which consists of these further stages: leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, diakinesis, and synchronous processes), metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1, and meiosis II. In meiosis 1, the homologous chromosomes are separated into two haploid cells. During prophase 1, the pairs of homologous chromosomes recombine with other pairs. The following are the phases of prophase 1: leptotene - each separate chromosome condenses into long threads inside of the nucleus; zygotene - the thread-like chromosomes line up with each other;

The objective of the marriage statutes and same sex marriage Essay

The objective of the marriage statutes and same sex marriage - Essay Example tural justice for those responsible for formulating the statutes were expected to have foreseen the problem and adequately address it even before it happened. There is no way the marriage statutes could forbid same sex marriage giving clear definitions of marriage and what society should take it to be in some clause and then intentionally give another contrary idea of what marriage is in its subsequent definitions of marriage without raising any debate (Eskridge, 2001, 853-881). The idea of the marriage licensing laws not prohibiting same sex marriage can be taken as an intention to undermine the inefficiency of grammar in those laws to completely substantiate the object of the encompassing or parent law which is the marriage statute, the object being protection of marriage between people of different sexes for purpose of procreation. This led to existence of a loophole where people of differing opinions could create grounds of making believe the constitutional law is ambiguous in it s intentions thereby creating a constitutional avenue through which same sex marriage thrive (Snyder, 2006, 35). By passing that law the intention of the law was subverted and ordinary and approved use of language principle of interpretation of law was misused to beat the very intention of the law. The intention of the marriage statute is clear; the marriage licensing laws are a mere branch through which the objectives of the marriage act are attained and implemented. The marriage statute does not have a provision to indicate that it might have any other differing opinion based on how it substance is interpreted in its subsequent implementation. The meaning of marriage in the laws of Massachusetts can be taken to be silent and its true intent can only be arrived at when subjected to... This essay analyzes that the court's solution to this case far exceeded its jurisdiction mandated by article 30. It amounted to statutory revision when the court interpreted the gender-specific language as gender neutral which resulted into a statutory revision that replaced the intent of the legislature with that of the court.  This essay analyzes that the court's solution to this case far exceeded its jurisdiction mandated by article 30. It amounted to statutory revision when the court interpreted the gender-specific language as gender neutral which resulted into a statutory revision that replaced the intent of the legislature with that of the court.   It is clear that same-sex marriage has always been forbidden under the marriage statutes and that the court of Massachusetts abrogated the purpose of the substantive due process which is to protect existing rights and not create new ones, to deter government intrusion and not invite it. The Court should not have sanctioned same-s ex marriages giving a rationale that denying such a right would be tantamount to denying other rights such as raising children that are accorded under marriage. The legislature needs to have had some rationale basis to conclude that family structures of such nature have not been sufficiently concluded to be an equivalent of marital family structure that has established itself as a successful one through out history. People have the right to raise children in any manner of family structure as long as they don’t pause any danger to them socially psychologically or otherwise.

Managing change, small hotel development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing change, small hotel development - Essay Example year 2020 is 5 years away; hence, considering the analyses that has been conducted on the Sea Front Hotel, the chances of development over the next five years can be assessed. One of the greatest strengths of the hotel is that it is not mired in any form of debt. As a result, in spite of the global financial fluctuations that occur, it can be said that the financial risks of any global economic downturn in the next five years will have little effect. However, the hotel lacks an online presence and it still uses conentional methods of communication. It has to be noted that nearly all successful businesses, especially those in the hospitality industry like Sea Front Hotel, make use of the internet as an essential marketing tool (Dudovskiy, 2015). The hotel cannot only rely on increased consumer spending because they are not assured that they will spend their money on an â€Å"unknown† hotel, due to its poor marketing strategy. In the face of competition over the next five years, the hotel is likely to achieve minimal development, because of its poor marketing plan. In addition, it has a limited customer base and needs to diversify. Due to the growth of the economy, its development chances can be sustained at the moment but not increased as it cannot rely on the national economy to develop. The chances of development for the Sea Front Hotel over the next 5 years are deem. Due to its favourable location setting, the hotel should be flocking with customers at the moment, but that is not the case. At the moment, it should be having a medium profit margin because it has a cheap source of supplies from the local area due to heightened competition among the suppliers. The cheap sources function as a financial cover, coupled with its lack of debts. However, its profit margins are low at the moment, something that the management should be planning to improve. The changes that can be implemented to improve this is the use of a cheap source of power, wind power, due to its

Research report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Research report - Essay Example versal view of their connection list that are constructed in the system.† Information and technology bequeath the present society with numerous interactive segments with the help of internet and gadgets of communication. Numerous interactive segments are provided by the social network sites depending on the motives of their founders. There are for example business, academics, sports, political, social, religion, and romantic platforms. It can be said that these sites are in position to entertain, inform, educate, and to create very strong feelings on their followers. Ever since they started, social sites such as twitter, Skype, MySpace, and Facebooks, among others have reportedly become ‘attention-grabbers’ for majority of those who use them as they have taken them as part and parcel of their day to day routine (Pedrycz, W., & Chen, S.-M. 2014). Presently there are numerous sites with varying features geared to suit their followers’ interests, and can be accessed through gadgets that have internet access. Basically social network sites are online services or platforms that aim at reflecting and building people’s relationship socially those for instance that have or share common activities and interests. The fame of social network sites increases as each second unfolds. They have become important tool of communication to their users and because of this trend learning institutions are now increasing using them to interact with learners as well as member of the teaching staff. Because of their continued use of social network sites drastic steps are being outlined by institutions to enlighten their students on social network sites usage and most so psychological dangers, legal issues, socio-economic and privacy issues. It also encourages students to live together and in harmony, bringing workload and additional responsibility, and collaborating and sharing which may appear to be forced and inflexible to some students (Naidu, 2005). In his studies, Gross

Illegal trade, smuggling and forgery of luxury goods Essay

Illegal trade, smuggling and forgery of luxury goods - Essay Example There have been increases in smuggling activities, which have been aided by advances in technology and the emergence of new economies like China. Forgery of luxury has also been on the increase due to increased demand for these items making it a lucrative venture for many individuals. This paper seeks to discuss illegal trade, smuggling and forgery of luxury goods in the world. Forgery is term used to describe the imitation of and adaptation of items, objects and even identity of persons in an effort to pass them as the originals. The practice of producing forgeries is referred to as forging, and the forging of money or currencies is referred to as counterfeiting. Documents are also forged as when bank checks are forged or important personal documents like birth and death certificates, passports, drivers’ licenses and other important documentation. The forgery of art is another lucrative practice that sees the imitation of master paintings by Picasso, Da Vinci and Van Gogh. Ar t forgery is a thriving industry that involves the creation and sale of art works that are falsely credited to famous artists like Da Vinci and Van Gogh instead of their actual painters or creators (Keats 112). The increased demand for works of art by famous creators like Benini and Da Vinci makes forgery of these works of art a lucrative business. The value of forged art is determined by the name of the purported creator or artist (Keats 73). The forging of the Picasso painting by my second cousin involved a careful process that was characterized by getting the right paints and other materials like the painting medium. He chose the right scene or object in a painting to paint in order to capture all the elements that are identifiable with the original or master’s aspects (Keats 76). Forging masters requires that the imitations resemble the originals, which are usually aged and have the telltale signs of age. These signs include cracks filled up with dirt and faded colors. To age the painting in order to make it resemble the original, my cousin applied bleach to the back of the painting to make it feel old and brittle (Keats 96). The frame and the front of the painting was aged using a concoction of brown paint and thinner to age the wood frame, while the front was aged by a 70/30 blend of brown paint and thinner. Every painting by a master possesses an identifying signature or marker that confirms the identity of the true creator or artist. My cousin who is skilled enough in both of these processes did this or they can be done another individual who is skilled in the art of forging signatures and other identifying marks. I was able to easily forge ownership documentation for the painting, and acquire an authentication certificate showing that my fake Picasso was indeed an original. I was able to achieve this fete by bribing corrupt officials in the department of arts at a renowned local museum. The convention on the international trade in endangered sp ecies (CITES) is an international agreement between nations and states to ban the trade in animal and plant specimens that endangers their survival (Becker & Wehinger 28). Through CITES initiative and related organizations, a number of policies have been formulated and implemented to limit or completely ban the use, sale and trade of various goods associated with negative externalities

#1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

#1 - Essay Example On the other hand labor relations is the dealings between management and the workers with respect to the employment conditions. â€Å"Most commonly, however, labor relations refer to dealings between management and a workforce that is already unionized, or has the potential to become unionized. Labor relations is thus crucial to industries like autos and airlines with heavily unionized workforces† (Labor Relations, 2009) In most of the times the interests of the organizations and that of the labors would be opposite in direction. The management always keen in maximizing their profit and for that purpose they will compromise the interests of the workers. On the other hand labor unions are always working for the wellbeing of the workers and they are not much concerned about the profit of the organization. For workers what they are getting is more important than what the organization is achieving. Both these interests contradict at times which will end up in strained labor relationships and trade union strikes. In a changing world, especially under globalization and liberalization, a well maintained labor relationship is important for an organization in order to compete in the market. Customers will trust an organization if their product or service supply doesn’t interrupt. Poor labor relationship always results in labor union strikes which will interrupt the production of goods or service. A temporary suspension of service or supply of goods in the market will force the customers to search for other options. Once the customers move away from the organization, it is difficult for the organization to bring them back. Labor problems destroy the image of the organization in the society in which it operates. The public will often take the side of the labors even if the justice is on the other side because of the false assumption that the management always trying to exploit the workers. This public

Influential People Essay Example for Free

Influential People Essay In my life, I have had many various influential people, but I would have to say that my Mother has made the biggest impact of all. Most everything that I am today is a outcome of inspirations and instances I have established from my Mother. She has made so many different opportunities presented to me, without which I do not know where I would be. I find my Mother to be a very inspiring person; the reasons for this are infinite. My Mom has been through multiple hardships over the course of her life and throughout it all she has become an exceptionally strong, loving, and wise person. This fact alone amazes me and when compounded with the fact that my Mother, among it all, still manages to have a quick, clever, and upbeat sense of humor I am left fascinated. The things I have learned and continue to learn from my Mother are endless; she has taught me all of the founding principles of my life and for that I am eternally thankful. Though my Mother and I have many discussions on various subjects, within whom I learn many different things, I believe that many of the things I learn from her are discovered and observed from example. This summer would be an instance. Together, we faced many hardships that really pulled and tugged on our relationship. We worked through possibly one of the hardest things a mother could ever go through. It not only brought us closer together, but it made me realize how much she loves me, and how she is always going to be there for me. It is common knowledge that not everyone is perfect, even heroes, and in realizing this I know that I although I wish to be like my Mother in most ways I do not in all. This realization may be one of the most important things I have learned, my Mother has taught me to base my decisions in life not solely on the examples and actions of others but simply on what I gather and learn from the examples and actions of others. In other words, she has taught me not to follow blindly but to make my own decisions based on what I think is important. My relationship with my Mother is something that I treasure above everything else in my life. We are able to play and joke like young children and have serious in depth conversations on some of life hardest subject like mature adults. The various levels that my Mother can reach me on astound me and I think that it is what makes our relationship truly special and what makes her such a wonderful influence.

Psychodynamic Theory Essay Example for Free

Psychodynamic Theory Essay What Psychodynamic Theory Has to Contribute to Our Understanding of   Counselling in a Multicultural Society? If counsellors are to discern very well their clients of diverse backgrounds or culture and their place in a multicultural society, psychodynamic theory may be particularly helpful in this respect. Theories and techniques used in counselling are diverse and it is imperative for counsellors to know how to use their knowledge of psychodynamic theory in conceptualising systems for both counselling and therapy. In psychodynamic therapy, which is an approach in counselling based on psychoanalytic theories, it is postulated that conscious and unconscious influences mold human behavior and social relationships. This concept of the unconscious is often associated with Sigmund Freud whose contribution in psychoanalysis can not be discounted. Psychoanalytic theory though, is not exclusively Freudian. Freud’s brilliant ideas and theories, were controversial. His theories were under attack from many directions and it was a good thing though that from his perspectives, many other psychoanalytic theories emerged as well. Carl Jung was famous for his collective unconscious and his oriental approach was unorthodox for Western psychoanalytic theorists. D.D. Winnicott’s transitional objects and good- enough mothering for instance, are interesting contributions to psychoanalysis as well. It should be fascinating to explore these theorists’ contribution to systems and approaches of multicultural counselling. In as much as these theorists’ perspectives seem to have distinct or even conflicting orientations, we may have the chance to look upon their theories, in many ways, complementary in the practice of counselling in a multicultural society. Their theories can prove to be useful at any point in counselling (or therapy) sessions in understanding clients, their unique history, individual concerns, and understanding their behavior, the impact of their past experiences to their present condition in life, and some of their underlying motives and beliefs. Sigmund Freud   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Psychoanalytic approaches to therapy and counselling originated from the works of Sigmund Freud. He viewed that people are driven by unconscious influences, a part of their inner world of which they are not aware of. He theorised that repressed unconscious thoughts and feelings could manifest through dreams, fantasies and odd behavior. Until after these repressed forbidden desires, hurtful memories and experiences are brought to conscious awareness, these were presumed to lead to irrational and maladaptive behavior. Based on this concept, effective counsellors can effectively draw upon these repressed thoughts and emotions through psychotherapy to ease their client’s depression or anxiety and to rebuild their client’s self-esteem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Freud’s concept of eros (sexual and life instincts) and thanatos (aggressive and death instincts) are considered motivating factors of personality, with the term libido referring to basic energy of life associated with Eros. Troubled individuals may manifest death instincts through destructive behavior such as, alcoholism, substance abuse, aggression (towards self or others), and even suicide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Freud theorised that the individual’s behavior is assumed to result from the interaction of three components of the personality: id, ego, and superego. The id is said to be the source of instinctual drives and operate in terms of the pleasure principle. It is capable of eliciting mental images and wish-fulfilling fantasies (Coleman, 1980).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second personality component is the ego, which intercedes between the demands of the id and the external world, and operates in terms of the reality principle. For instance, Freud believed that sexual or aggressive tendencies are in conflict with society’s rules and prohibitions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It was clever of Freud to introduce the third personality component, which is the superego, or commonly known as conscience. If one has learned and adapted to the moral demands of society, the individual would have a better grasp of what is right from wrong. The superego serves as personality’s system of control to inhibit immoral desires.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Freud believed in the interplay between the id, ego and superego, and how it becomes crucial to behavior. Inner conflicts may arise because the id, ego and superego are striving for different goals. Inner conflicts could manifest as a mental disorder if not resolved. Another important psychoanalytic concept of Freud is defense mechanisms. For him, whatever pains or anxieties are eased by distorting reality, if one can not deal with it rationally (Coleman, et.al., p. 54). Therefore, an individual’s distorted perception of reality poses behavior problems. This only happens though when the ego can no longer cope with the pain or anxiety by rational measures. Freud’s contribution to developmental psychology is his theory on five Psychosexual stages: the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages.   He believed that these stages of development could determine one’s defenses, anxieties, and impulses. A child who has been deprived of fully experiencing any of these stages may suffer fixation at that stage of development. The first three stages of development, the oral, anal, and phallic stages, are the most crucial, as one’s personality is molded at this time. If fixation happens at any point during this period, then the child would likely develop distinct personality type. From birth to 1 year (oral stage), the mouth is the principal erogenous zone and it is assumed that an infant’s greatest source of gratification is sucking. If the caregiver is overindulgent or depriving, then the child is likely to develop fixation at this stage. Some traits associated with overindulgence are optimism, manipulativeness, boldness and admiration. On the other hand, deprivation would lead to traits such as pessimism, suspiciousness, self-belittlement, passivity, and jealousy. Further, as Freud theorised, fixation at this stage, or when the individual did not receive adequate oral gratification during infancy, the individual is predisposed to excessive drinking or eating in adult life. When the child is about 18 months to 3 years (anal stage), the anus and rectum are considered to be the primary sources of pleasure. Either an excessive demand or permissiveness from a child’s caregiver, will lead to the development of anal personality. Other psychological problems that are thought to arise from this stage are obsessive-compulsivity and paranoia. During the phallic stage, or when the child is about 3 to 6 years old, the penis or clitoris is assumed to be the major source of pleasurable sensation. At this stage, the child learns to manipulate the genitals and becomes curious about the opposite sex. Curiously enough, Freud also believed that it is at this stage when the child develops intense sexual feelings for the parent of the opposite sex, or otherwise known as Oedipus and Electra complex. The Oedipal complex is the perception that boys desire to possess their mother. Freud thought that boys have incestuous cravings for their mother, even sees their father as rival, but they have fear that the father will harm them (castration anxiety). Likewise, the Electra complex is the assumption that girls desire their father, and want to replace their mother. The fear of the same-sex parent leads to sublimation of their sexual attraction for the opposite sex parent into non-sexual love, and they learn to identity instead to their same-sex parent.   For either sex, it imperative for them to resolve the conflict, such that when they enter young adulthood stage, they are likely to have a satisfactory heterosexual relationship. In the years from 6 to 12 (latency stage), sexual motivations are put aside and the child channels his energy into school, play, shared activities with friends, and sports. Finally, the genital stage, which is from puberty onwards, the deepest feelings of pleasure come from heterosexual relations. At this stage, the individual channels his energy into socially acceptable ventures such as entering into romantic relationships, establishing friendships, career planning and also some recreational activities.   Freud’s cathartic hypnosis was popular during his time, but more than the technique of hypnosis as a therapeutic cure to psychological illnesses, was his concept that feelings were drawn from the unconscious. His contribution stands out in the sense that he was the one who developed techniques such as free association and dream analysis in dealing with both the conscious and unconscious aspects of mental health. Freud emphasized the role of the unconscious motives and ego-defense systems, and the importance of early childhood experiences in the personality adjustment and maladjustment of adults, as well as the relevance of sexual factors in human behavior and mental disorders (Coleman, et.al., p. 57). Freud’s techniques now used in contemporary psychodynamic counselling provide much deeper understanding of the (client’s) self, and can prove to be helpful in emotional, spiritual development and self-awareness. Carl Jung   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the most original and controversial features of Jung’s theory on personality was the concept of collective unconscious. He theorised the existence of universally shared motives, drives, potentials, fears and symbols that human beings have more or less the same collective unconscious. Collective unconscious is defined as the â€Å"storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from one’s ancestral past† (Hall Lindzey, 1978, p. 119). Simply put, with this theory, there is probability of reviving experiences of past generations. â€Å"Humans are born with many predisposition for thinking, feeling, and perceiving according to definite patterns and contents that become actualized through individualized experiences† (Hall Lindzey).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If Freud’s â€Å"unconscious mind† is often associated with repressed forbidden desires, hurtful memories and experiences, Jung’s collective unconscious is a vast resource of subliminal contents and potential, which includes the â€Å"wisdom and experience of uncounted centuries, and laid down in its archetypal organs† (Jung, cited in Hall Lindzey, p.120). The collective unconscious can then serve a very good purpose to the individual. But, if this ignored by the ego, â€Å"the unconscious may disrupt the conscious rational processes by seizing hold of them and twisting them into distorted forms (Hall Lindzey, p.120).   Instances of irrational behavior could arise such as phobias and delusions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jung believed that the individual achieves completeness or wholeness only as fantasies, images and dreams from the personal and collective unconscious become accessible to the conscious self (Coleman, et.al., p.58).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jung’s concept of archetypes refers to patterns of behavior within the unconscious mind. The most common of these archetypes are the persona, shadow, self, and anima and animus. The persona is tantamount to the social personality the â€Å"face† an individual has in his social relationships. A healthy persona could then mean good adaptation to the demands of society or the environment where one belongs. In some respects, Jung’s concept of the persona is similar to Freud’s superego. The shadow has some resemblance to Freud’s concept of the id. It is considered the hidden or dark side of personality that sometimes the individual is not even aware of. This part of the psyche would be difficult to accept. If a certain trait of another distress an individual, then this could be a reflection of his shadow. Traits such as laziness, attention-seeking, anger expression, etc., are usually kept from consciousness and is often projected to others. The self can be considered the sum total of one’s personality, the motivating factor of human behavior that causes one to constantly strive and attain wholeness. It was Jung’s view that the self can only emerge only if various aspects of the personality have fully developed (known as individuation) (Hall Lindzey, p. 124). Thus, this does not happen until one has reached middle age when one â€Å"begins to make a serious effort to change the center of personality from the conscious ego to one that is midway between consciousness and unconsciousness† (Hall Lindzey). Jung believed that one takes the journey toward individuation, spending almost half of his life individuating, and the second integrating. This concept has direct application and relevance to career counselling. Notice that most individuals who reach middle age begin to have more focus and sense of purpose, not wasting their time and energy where they do not fit or are not welcome, and extending effort only in activities that will lead them to their true calling. Somewhat parallel to Freud’s Oedipus and Electra complex which prove relevant to understanding one’s heterosexual adjustment is Jung’s anima and animus. This is much like the â€Å"yin and yang† of the Chinese, the masculine and feminine side of human personality. The role of biological hormones cannot be discounted, but from a Jungian perspective, this is more considered to be a product of racial experiences of man with woman and vice versa. Jung’s anima and animus may be of relevance in understanding man-woman relationships in a counselling setting. Man is supposed to â€Å"apprehend the nature of woman by virtue of his anima, and woman apprehends the nature of man by virtue of her animus† (Hall Lindzey, p. 123), and without regard to the real character of the other, their relationship will most likely lead to discord. Donald Winnicott   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The influential concepts of transitional objects, the good-enough mother and the true and false self are attributed to Winnicott. A transitional object is some sort of a security blanket for a child. It could be a favorite stuffed toy, baby blanket, pillow or any symbolic object that a child finds comfort in having. A transitional object helps a child cope with fear while their principal caregiver is away. The most influential person (object) during a child’s development would be the principal caregiver. In a counselling setting, the counselor serves as the transitional object, who gradually helps his client overcome frustrations and develop greater independence over time. The good-enough mother pertains to the principal caregiver whose parenting style fit the child’s developmental needs. Winnicott believed that caregivers have to be good-enough in providing the child’s needs, but not too much. They have to teach children as well to tolerate frustrations, and teach them the lesson of independence and self-sufficiency. Winnicott theorized that children’s needs, if not adequately met, could help develop a false self (this is somehow identical to Freud’s concept of fixation). On the other hand, when children’s needs are adequately provided, then, they are likely to develop a true self. A relationship based on trust, a relationship that is more real, will grow between the caregiver and the child. This concept may apply to counselor (or therapist)-client relationship. An effective counselor knows how to provide a safe â€Å"holding environment† for his client, and is adaptive to his client’s needs. The counselor knows how to respond to his client’s emotions with warmth and empathy, thus helping his client reveal his true self. References Coleman, James C., James N. Butcher and Robert C. Carson. Abnormal Psychology and Modern Life (6th ed.). Illinois: Scott, Foresman and Company. Dakai, S.H. (2003). â€Å"Addiction Counseling: Examination of Various Addiction Counseling and Therapy Approaches.† Journal of Addictive Disorders. Breining Institute. Hall, Calvin S. and Lindzey Gardner (1980). Theories of Personality (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley Sons. McGinnis, James D. and Kenneth R.Thomas (1991). The Psychoanalytic Theories of D.W. Winnicott as Applied to Rehabilitation. The Journal of Rehabilitation. 1 July 1991

Criminal Investigation Is The Process Of Discovering Criminology Essay

Criminal Investigation Is The Process Of Discovering Criminology Essay A Criminal Investigation is the process of discovering, collecting, preparing, identifying and presenting evidence to determine what happened and who is responsible. It is a reconstructive process that uses deductive reasoning, a logical process in which a conclusion follows from specific facts. From specific pieces of evidence, investigators establish proof that a suspect is guilty of an offence. (Hess Orthmann, 2010) In this assignment Im going to provide a clear understanding of an appropriate investigative approach toward theft form residence. Theft form residence in other countries is also known as a Burglary. This kind of crime is considered to be one of the most important crimes worldwide, since it is also one of the most common forms of criminal behaviour. The definition of burglary is defined by each states criminal code and it various from one code to another, although some commonalities exists and are generally reflected in the elements of the crime. Burglary is committed when a person, knowingly breaks, or remains, in a building or structure belonging to anther for the purpose of committing a crime therein. Burglary is referred as a crime against the dwelling that is violated and there is no need of direct violence towards any occupants. The public regards theft as a major crime problem since for many persons it is a traumatic event when they realize that someone unknown to them has invaded their privacy of their homes and personal belongings and stolen their possessions. Burglars are most often to choose suitable targets like elderly persons, women who live alone. Perpetrators often ransack rooms to look for valuables and make it difficult for victims to establish what is missing. Their targets are cash, televisions, computers, radios, jewellery, guns, tools and several household goods that either they use for their personal needs or to sell them. Theft from residence occurs mostly when most persons are away from their residence. Very often burglars main victims are those people that uses the same routine day to day and so that certain time is more susceptible to burglary due to the routine absence of residents like going work, shopping, mass etc. Burglars are either to be amateurs or long time professionals. The amateurs are usually to be unskilled and they learn by trial and error. They easily make mistakes and eventually are caught by the police, although once convicted they gain experience and learn from the trade ones. More experiences burglars are more trained, they may have more lookouts who are in communication through mobile or even radios and often a getaway vehicle is used and usually close to the burglary site. Most burglars motives are drug related and monetary. Approaching on the scene of crime Investigation initiates from that moment that the police receives the phone call. Reports can be received by the victim itself, neighbour or anyone else that may have noticed or suspected any different movements or noises. One should be very cautiously due to the fact that the crime could have occurred any time and perpetrators could still be inside premises or nearby. Investigators should be on the alert for any persons fleeing the area, suspicious or well known persons that are known by the police and suspicious vehicles. The first officer to respond a burglary call is usually the patrol division officer. Officers should first determine whether a crime is currently in progress. When a crime is still being carried out, officer must call for more help in order to prevent the escape of the suspect/s. On the way to the scene of crime officer should approach the burglary location without warning emergency lights or siren. After arriving one can observe certain reliable indicators that a burglary has been or still being for example open doors, windows. The first attendant officer should immediate preserve the crime scene, in order to maximise forensic opportunities due to the fact that there is few amount of time before the evidence will be contaminated. The crime scene should be secured and the victims are to be escorted to an area not part of the investigation and it is to be made sure that victims dont touch anything. The Preliminary Investigation Preliminary investigation is of utmost importance, although some investigators tend to simply skip the necessary steps of a preliminary investigation due to the fact that theft from residence are seen as being high-time investment for low results awards. The preliminary investigation should start by obtaining information about the type of structure which has been burglarized. It has to be established the time, date, the whereabouts of the owner, points and methods of entry and exit, however it is important to determinate who the occupant of the residence burglared is and where they were at the time of the offence, the time they left the residence, if all doors and windows were properly locked and if any visitors have been recently been there. Burglar can gain access by forced open a door or a window by means of tools, by break out or cut a small pain of glass in order to unlock a door from the inside. It is important to discover what type of tool was used and how the perpetrator had gained entrance. When no signs of forced entry are found it may indicate that burglar entered through an open or unlocked door or might possess the key of the residence. The next step for an investigator to carry out the preliminary investigation is to search, collect and preserve evidence. Great care must be taken when searching for evidence. The point of entry is usually the area which has the most evidence. When walking around the scene one must use extreme caution. Search must start from near where the perpetrator entered. One must locate where items were disturbed or removed. After the search, it has to be determinate the type and amount of loss with complete description. An important step in the preliminary investigation is the Modus Ope randi. The identifications of a unique modus operandi are essential in investigating burglary due to the fact that most burglars commit a series of burglars using the same patterns. One should look for the time of day, location, type of methods used to gain entrance, type of vandalism, things stolen for example cash only or jewellery and any particularities of the offence. Such patterns can tie and lead several burglaries to one suspect. Preliminary investigations also include interview the victim, and any witness available, enquiring with neighbourhood for witnesses and the identifications of CCTV cameras. A sketch of the scene of crime and a list of property stolen could also help toward the investigation. Witnesses Some might think that when it comes to deal with the crime of burglaries, there are few witnesses but in actually there might be more than one believes. Police tend to miss and to try to locate witnesses. Witnesses are very important in the process of solving crimes and they have very often been the key persons in such situations. Eyewitness are those who can provide a detailed account of the circumstances which otherwise would be lost and weaken the evidence. One also has to bear in mind that there may be instances where their evidence could also be unreliable. Although the testimony given by eyewitnesses has often been criticised it has always been given weight by Judges and Juries in a court of law. When a burglar is committed, police should investigate immediate the area and look out for a potential witness that can identified or can develop a description of a suspect. Physical Evidence Domestic burglary scenes are visited by SOCO in order to maximise forensic opportunities. When searching for physical evidence at a burglary scene it will also require the help of the victim who can easily identify what has been moved and what items does not belong to the owner. Forensic recovery includes the photographing of the crime scene and the discovery of physical evidence that may include fingerprints, footprints inside and outside the house for example below windows, fibers, hair, tire prints, tool marks, tools, and broken glass and paint chips and even personal items such as discarded cigarette butts. Often times burglars tend to drink and eat whatever is at hand in the kitchen of the burgled home and therefore they also leave traces of DNA on a bottle or cup. As stated by Mairs (1930), fingerprints are considered to be accurate and valuable marks in the process of identifying a human body due to the fact that the patterns and characteristics of the fingerprint are unique. They are the most common form of evidence that can be found in a scene of crime. Trace evidence can establish a link between the perpetrator and the scene of crime. The Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) is a great advance in scientific criminal investigation and it is possible to search criminal record for a single latent print. A latent fingerprint is the type of fingerprint that most of the time is found in burglary, which gives a positive clue to the offenders identification and conviction (Horhan, 1991). The classification of fingerprints is important because these are filed and can be retrieved by the investigators when there is need to make identifications (Cunliffe et al. 1980). A case where it is clearly shown the importance of fingerprint was held in America State v Connors. The experts produced photographs at court showing fingerprints of a perpetrator upon a balcony of a residence that has been burgled and in addition the experts testified that same fingerprints found at the crime scene matched those of the perpetrator. The accused has been found guilty of committing the burglar (Horgan, 1991). Fingerprints are not always enough to support evidence in certain criminal cases. A marked example of this is the case of Il-Pulizija (Spettur Keith Arnaud) vs Victor Degabriele. Mr Degabriele was accused of theft from residence of Mr Nazzareno Mercieca from Xghajra. Although a fingerprint elevated from a box that had contained a watch which has been one of the stolen items had matched with the left hand thumb of the accused, the court decided that due to the principle of in dubbio pro reo the court is of the opinion that the legal prosecution had not met the required evidence requested by law. It was decided that Victor Degabriele was not guilty of charges issued. Shoes and shoe marks are also common physical evidence that can be found in a scene of crime. If collected, properly analyzed and recorded can yield to important investigative data. Shoe footprint can provide unique wear patterns that can be compared with a suspects shoes. Shoe print can indicate whether the suspect was running, walking or even if it was carrying something heavy, if it was familiar with the area or unsure of the terrain. The pattern, size, personal characteristics and coincidental characteristics can make a shoe mark unique. LeMay (2006, p.42) stated that dust impression can be made when a person with dust on their shoes walks on a surface, thereby transferring the dust from their shoes to the surface they step on. Shoe marks are to be photographed and latent fingerprint lifters are used to lift shoe impressions from smooth surface. In a Maltese case, Il-pulizija (Insp. James Grech Insp Fabian Fleri) vs Silvio (Saviour) Pace, in which case, Silvio has been found guilty of burglarise two different residences in different time and dates. Investigators sustained their case with the help of shoe marks which were found in both burglarise homes and after a search in his residence the shoe was found and it resulted that such shoe marks belongs to the accused. In fact Silvio Pace had admitted the charges and he was send to prison for 32 months. Another possible evidence that can be found in burglarise offence are tyre marks which can be located around the burglary scene. Tyre marks can show the approximate speed, direction and even the manufacturer and year the tyres were made. Tools and Tools marks: The most common means used to gain entrance in a residence is the use of tools. Common tools that are used in a burglary are screwdrivers, glass cutter, vice grips, pry bars, picks and augers. Tools and Tools marks are important items of evidence. Most burgles use the same tool over and over again to gain entry in residence and this will lead to leave behind characteristics striation marks that can connect one burglar to another. Locards principle of exchange every contact leaves a trace came in force when tools are used to force open a door or a window by means of tools. When a burglary occurs and in the process the burglar smashes a window pane, unknowing, this has attracted physical evidence upon oneself. Traces or fragments of chipped glass or paint stick to clothing and shoe soles. These constitute importance physical evidence. When forensic experts collect this evidence on the crime scene and this is confronted to traces found on the suspect it would therefore be confirmed that the suspect had been on the crime scene. In certain residences one can found safes to protect their valuables. Burglars can either carried away or demolished safes. Safes have safe insulation which can also leave traces and fragments on clothing, shoes and even on tools the offender used. These fragments are very often even deposited in the vehicles that have been used for the crime. These can also be detected and matched. Another evidence that is becoming important in burglaries is the DNA. When a burglar gets cut while breaking into a structure, trace of blood can be elevated and therefore can be analyzed for DNA. A burglary investigation involves several stages like investigating the scene of the crime, collecting and preserving and available physical evidence, interviewing potential witnesses, using informants, examining records, tracing property and identifying suspects. A successful case will depend frequently on the investigators ability to handle clearly unrelated pieces of information in an analytical way. As stated by Clarke (1992) and Forrester et al. (1988) in order to deter the burglar, there should be more effective policing and enhanced situational prevention.

Oedipus, The King Summary :: Oedipus Rex, Sophocles

Sophocles’ Oedipus, the King is a great representation of Greek tragedy and of the human experience. Within it, he explores the intricacies of human thinking and communication along with its ability to change as more information and knowledge is acquired. His primary focus as the story begins and progresses is the growth of Oedipus from an unintelligible and unenlightened mentality to its antithesis. Because the story was one familiar to most of its viewers in its time, there are certain things that they are expected to already know. Among them is the background to the legend. Most generally it was that it was prophesied that Laios and Jocasta, king and queen of Thebes, would give birth to a child who would grow up to murder his father and marry his mother. And, fearing the dreadful prophecy, that the parents nailed their first son's feet together (thus the name Oedipus, which means â€Å"swollen-foot†) and left him to die on a lonely moun-tainside outside the city. Moreover, that he was found by a wandering shepherd who took him to the nearby city of Corinth where he was adopted by the childless King Polybos and Queen Merope who raised him as a son and prince in the royal household. Then, when he was a young adult and first heard the prophecy, that he assumed that it applied to Polybos and Merope, the only parents he had ever known, and had fled Corinth and wandered aroun d Greece where he met a group of travelers and killed an old man who, unknown to him, was his real father, King Laios. Then, when he arrived at Thebes, he met the Sphinx, a monster who guarded the gates of the city and correctly answered its riddle and was rewarded with the title of king of Thebes and was given the hand of the re-cently widowed queen, Jocasta. The true horror in his life begins here because he has four children with her, An-tigone, Ismene, Eteocles, and Polyneices and fulfills the prophecy. The story begins after some time after Oedipus has taken the throne and when there is a mysterious plague that sweeps the city. Here, he learns from the priest that the sacred oracle says that the plague will be re-moved only when Laios' murderer is discovered. Consequently, he sends Creon, his brother-in-law, to Delphi to consult the oracles and find out the identity of the murderer.

The Crucilbe: Theater Project. Includes Directorial, Set, Sound, And C

I chose Arthur Miller’s The Crucible because of the plot’s dark history and suspense. Also because of the play’s reflection of McCarthyism. The so called â€Å"witch-hunts† for communist brought on by Senator Joseph.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The play is set in Salem, Massachusetts, 1692, where suspicions of witchcraft were floating around the town air. Act 1 starts out in early spring and ends in Act 4 when it is late fall. The play opens with Betty Parris sick in bed, and Reverend Parris tending to her, and wondering what made her so sick. Soon Abigail Williams saunters in, and through much probing, Reverend Parris eventually finds out that she, Tituba, Susanna Walcott and Betty were all involved together in a secret practicing of witchcraft. Abigail tells of a dance around a cauldron in the woods, and says that was all that happened. But, when Reverend Parris reveals how he was in the woods at that particular time, and saw the dances, Abigail gradually explains what went on, while leaving herself out as the main practitioner. She says she was forced into it all by the other girls and Tituba. Now the stage is set for a variety of unexpected accusations, scandals and tribulations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main characters are Abigial Williams, the â€Å"trouble maker† of the play, is the niece of Reverend Parris. Though only 13 years old she manages to get the whole village in an uproar. With the help of the other girls in the village, she fools the Salem council into thinking that the devil has inhabited certain citizens. Reverend Parris is the minister for Salem. He is a paranoid, power hungry man. He is more concerned about his reputation than his daughter and niece's souls when the first rumors of witchcraft get under way. However, he quickly learns to take advantage of the witch craze for his own personal gain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Proctor had an affair with Abigail when she was his household servant. He hates hypocrisy, and his hidden sin causes him a great deal of moral anguish. He hesitates to expose Abigail as a fraud because he knows his own conscience is unclean. He does not try to expose her as a liar until it is too late. He is accused of witchcraft and convicted. He suffers a moral dilemma over the decision to confess or not to confess to witchcraft. He confessed his affair before Danforth and Hathorne because he refuses to a... ...o show that she was a servant and wasn’t clothed in the same clothes as her masters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Last is sound. This play didn’t have any chances for back ground music except for the end of each act. The ending song for Act 1 is called â€Å"Pulse† which is performed by The Kroumata Percussion Ensamble located on the C.D. â€Å"The 2nd Construction†. It contains light xylophone, snare drum, timpani and bells. Act 2 opens with the living room and Elizabeth singing in the back ground. It also had a fire place so I wanted the sound of the fire crackling randomly through the scene. Then we hear the neighing of a horse and John proctor arrives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Act 3 ends with the uproar from John proctor and I chose another piece from The Kroumata Percussion Ensamble entitled â€Å"Soldier’s Song† which is a series of drum rolls, base drum crashes and timpani rolls. Act 4 leads us to the jail cell where the fall moon is shining through the window and the sounds of frogs and crickets can be heard. The scene ends with John being taken away to the hallows. For this scene I wanted a constant percussion ensemble of sounds and to get increasingly louder as the curtain falls.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Essay -- Medical Technology Medicine Essays

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Magnetic resonance imaging has the potential of totally replacing computed tomography. If history was rewritten, and CT invented after MRI, nobody would bother to pursue CT. --Philip Drew (Mattson and Simon, 1996) WHAT IT IS Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or commonly known as MRI, is a technique used in medicine for producing images of tissues inside the body. It is an important diagnostic tool because it enables physicians to identify abnormal tissue without opening the body through surgery. MRI lets physicians see through bones and organs. MRI does not expose the patient to radiation, unlike tests that use X-rays. MRI provides an unparallel view inside the human body. It is the method of choice for the diagnosis of certain diseases, disorders, and injuries. MRI is safe for most people, but it uses a powerful magnet and so cannot be used on people with metal implants, such as pacemakers or artificial joints (World Book, 2000). WHAT IT IS LIKE INSIDE Three main components make up an MRI unit: a magnet, devices for transmitting and receiving radio waves, and a computer. The patient is placed inside a machine that has a huge magnet. There is a horizontal tube running through the magnet from front to back. This tube is known as the bore of the magnet. The patient, lying on his or her back, slides into the bore on a special table. Once the body part to be scanned is in the exact center or isocenter of the magnetic field, the scan can begin (www.howstuffworks.com). The magnetic field causes the nuclei of certain atoms inside the body to line up. The machine then sends out a radio signal, which causes the nuclei to change direction. The change create signals that a computer translates to produce ... ...ams are also very expensive. (www.howstuffworks.com) For most patients, the numerous benefits of MRI far outweigh the drawbacks. MRI can provide you with an abundant amount of information about your health.MRI is a tool to diagnose, visualize, amd evaluate parts of our body. MRI can help prevent the spread of diseases by catching them in their early stages, and so still treatable. Staying healthy is probably the most important thing that we can do. Medical technology, such as MRI, can help us do that. Sources: Lauterbur, Paul C., and Liang, Zhi-Pei, Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, IEEE Press, New York, 2000, p. 2-4. Mattson, James, and Simon, Merrill,The Story of MRI, Bar-Ilan University Press, New York, 1996, p. 1. World Book Encyclopedia, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, World Book Inc., Chicago, Vol 13, 2000, p. 56-57. www.howstuffworks.com

Emergency Department Essay

I am a senior staff nurse working in the Emergency Department in an Acute General Hospital in Singapore. I have been assigned by my senior nurse manage to mentor Susan, a third year student nurse. As Susan was observed to be underachieving, I aim to use the Gibbs reflective cycle (1988) to guide me to identify the issues that have arisen during the placement and plan strategies to help Susan achieve her expected competencies at this stage of her clinical placement. Upon completion of the reflective cycle, mentor should be able to come up with methods that can help to resolve the student’s identified problems. It is important that windows of learning opportunities are created for reflection to be done and thus help both the mentor and mentee for future progression. Stage 1: Description Susan, a third year student nurse, is in her penultimate clinical placement of her three years training course. She had just reached the end of her second week of placement and has another four weeks to completion. The ward staff had observed that she was not entering patient’s vital signs, at times, into the system. The hospital uses the electronic system of entering patients’ charts. In addition, it appears that Susan did not inform any staff when there were abnormal readings, for example: there were two occasions where a raised temperature in a patient receiving blood transfusion and a head injury patient with an altered level of consciousness. Whilst having a weekly debriefing session as agreed during the first day of Susan’s clinical posting, the mentor was aware that Susan did fail to achieve the basic competency, which was required of her. The mentor had to stress to Susan on the importance of recording vital signs as it determines the patient’s prognosis. Thus, the mentor decided to develop an action plan (SMART) template (Kerry, 2012, & Appendix 3), to aid Susan’s progression. Stage 2: Feelings Given a mentor’s role, it was a concern to me that I did not pick up Susan’s problem until my colleagues’ feedback. As Susan was proceeding to her third week of posting, it was crucial to speak to Susan and find out more in depth what might have led her to the behavior seen. I felt that Susan may not have the theoretical knowledge regarding what were the implications if fever occurs during

apanese Cinema and Western Audiences

Nipp iodinese Cinema and Western Audiences wherefore a Foreknowledge of lacquers Social, Cultural and diachronic Back argument Is a Necessity in Order to Properly Appreciate Nipponese Cinema and Western Audiences Why a predestination of lacquers companion suitable, ethnic and historical background is a exigency in order to properly calculate Nipponese Cinema. Discuss the claim that lacquerese plastic get hold of jackpot non be properly soundless by Western auditory modalitys without a wider appreciation of Japanese history, nuance and parliamentary law. In this examine I int dying to prove that a foreknowledge of Japans social, hea beca characterish and historical background is a necessity in order to properly regard Japanese Cinema.With reference to needs such as Ugetsu Monogatari and capital of Japan report, my aim is to use my informatory examples, analysis and references to scholarly sources to lightly bear witness that in order to properly deduce J apanese Cinema, a foreknowledge of Japanese history, culture and golf-club is a decisive requirement a westbound earreach. The model of population pic has become commerci completelyy a genre. This genre creates the concept of the some other this is because it is other to what a western auditory sense is used to (which is Hollywood or European flick). It is also categorized as leash picture, with first cinema existence Hollywood.This grouping norm whollyy means that the guide is in a foreign terminology (non-english), it is culturally specific to the culture that produces it and is pre-occupied with culture and history or specific social and political ideas. These forms of categorization alone atomic number 18 evidence that western auditory modalitys consider Japanese cinema outside of their understanding of conventional cinema. To begin the argument we squirt furbish up to one authoritative theorist. Donald Richie moved to Japan during the occupation in order to subscribe Japanese take aims, in order to shit an understanding of the Japanese national character, to attend to in defeating the Japanese military forces.In his ache stay in Japan, he familiarize himself with Japanese theatre, art, culture, cinema and community. This bequeathed him to play the determination of mediator between Japanese cinema and the west Without Richies knowledge of Japanese culture, history and society, his appreciation for Japanese cinema would be sparse. Fumiaki Itakura commented on Western earreachs Japaneseness was invented except one hundred years ago, and were base on cultural nationalism. They be not akinly to understand the ideology of this Japaneseness. It is clear that Japanese cinema is withal culturally specific for a western audience to fully appreciate.Kenji Mizoguchis films stupefy been set up forward by critics and scholars as peradventure the most culturally specific Japanese films. His film Ugetsu Monogatari (1953) is a Jid ai-geki film, (a period drama) for which he has become recognised as an auteur. Themes revolving some wealth, family and spirituality play a principal(prenominal) agency in the film. Freda Freinberg described the film as Totally other to the world we knew in relation to western audiences. The geisha trip the light fantastic toe setting would be solely disregarded by a western audience. Firstly her singing is factual(prenominal) culturally specific, and is a Japanese form of chanting.According to book Grindon in reference to the Realms of the Senses , the geisha functions as a sign of the Japanese forbidden, and the pitch of emotions in replacement of sexual passion. Genjuro has leftover his wife, and is being seduced by bird Wakasa. The photographic camera work is very insignifi can buoyt to how the dance is portrayed. The camera stays at a mid-shot whilst she performs, only following her movement. The dance is a Japanese traditionalistic dance, its very slow paced, as she dances she waves a fan. During this shaft the attention is never on Genjuro. We can crack in back ground of the shot that he is hypnotised by her dancing.Mizouchi wants the audience main focus to be on the dance. The traditional dance and outcry of this pic is very culturally specific, a western audience would not be able to properly appreciate it without a foreknowledge of Japanese Culture. The most significant part of this scene is the voice of her fuck off. A low chant begins to accompany doll Wakasa singing, this shocks the mistress and stops her from singing. The camera is as yet only focused on doll Wakasa, the audience dont see where the voice is coming from. The camera then pans slowly to their statue.Lady Wakasa falls to Genjuro using very exaggerated and expressive movement. This is inspired by traditional Kabuki theatre, which a western audience wouldnt appreciate without foreknowledge. Lady Wakasa claims that its the voice of her late father. He is express ing his cheer for his daughter. These strong spiritual and religious themes argon common in Japanese culture. Buddah, grievous spirits, the omen, ghosts and after(prenominal) spiritedness are all common themes of Japans beliefs of spirituality. daybook Grindon comments on religion that in fewer cultures is it taken seriously and as it as untold a part of insouciant life as in Japan. This scene would be disregarded, and not properly apprehended by a western audience, without a further insight to Japanese culture. Lady Wakasas spirit is used as a histrionics of Japans past. Genjuro is seduced by a spirit, this is a interpretation of being seduced to return to their fugal past. i Here Mizoguchi is using form to represent the past. A understanding of Japanese story is significant when viewing Japanese Cinema. In Ugetsu Monogatari there is a lot of chronicle revolved around Tobei, who wides to be a Samurai, as it is a respected role society.The samuri status has also been c riticized in behavior of Oharu, as Oharu is disgraced by her family out-of-pocket to falling in love with a Samurai, which leads to her fate of prostitution. In Ugetsu Monogatari Tobeis muscae volitantes a famous generals liege behead his lord. Mizoguchis use of camera work means that the behead is hidden from the shot. The main focus is not on the camera work and editing, (as it does in Hollywood) instead the camera work plant around the action. Long takes and wide shots allow the action to tell the story. This gives the impression that we are viewing the scene in real time.Critic Freda Freiberg stated that Mizoguchi is one of the masters of the long take. A long take, pans out from the vassal as he begins to walk international. Dues to Tobeis desperation to become a samurai, he kills the vassal and steals the head. To a western audience the idealisation of the samurai would not be understood without a wider understanding of Japans history. This means that an audience could not properly appreciate the film without a foreknowledge of Japans history. Yasujiro Ozu has been considered by David Bordowell as quintessentially Japanese . His films are made up of small domestic stories, shot mainly in interior sets.Unlike the Hollywood system, Ozu prioritised outer space over narrative. i In his film capital of Japan Story (1953), he instanter confronts the idea of where Japan is going after the war, in terms of national identity. He effectively documents a Japanese life at this time, and touches on the idea of society changing through their past, present and future. Tokyo Story really deals with three multiplications tone ending through life, but by and large with the propagation that is passing out of it. The scene when the princely parents arrive at the house, they enter eroding traditional Kimonos and bow when greeting.This juxtaposes with their tidings who is polished in a suit. Already we can see the grand father and the intelligence playing a uthority of the changing generations the gramps representing the past, and his son of the present. In another scene, the grandson is conceive of studying English as a desk, wearing a baseball cap. This mission, as small as it is, shows the future for Japan and where it is headed. Baseball is an American sport that was adequate by the Japanese during the occupation. Also, by academic term the boy at a desk, Ozu is do a statement nearly what Japans future holds, in this he is relating to westernization.Relating to westernization is a common idea in Japanese films. For instance Seijun Suzukis Tokyo Drifter features night clubs influenced by western music, and even involves western characters in one of his scenes, making a statement about Japanese westernization. All of these representations would mean vigour to a western audience without foreknowledge of Japans social traits. In a afterward scene feature the grand father and his friends, he says young people straightaway have no backbone, where is their spirit? He is touching on younger generation having no ambitions, and how times are changing.Ozus films commonly deal with role reversals, mostly between generations. As example the scene where the grand baffle wishes to turn over time with her grandchildren, we can see that the mother has little ascendence over her son. He spins around in his chair and kicks his legs about as his mother tries to convince him to accompany his granny knot. At the end of the scene the mother (Fumiko), gives in and leaves her son to spin in his chair. In the depicted object of the grandparents, their children are to preoccupied with their own lives to spend time with them, instead they send them away to a spa.These are two examples of how roles have been reversed, with younger generations gaining the most control. This is a representation of where Japan is headed, and that its in the commit of the younger generation. Without a previous understanding of the Japanese so cial state, a western audience would not be able to properly appreciate the film to its fullest. Womens status in society is commented on in the film, how their roles are changing. Noriko is seen on the job(p) a desk job, she lives by herself and is only hooked on herself. She is seen throughout the film in a skirt and shirt, rather than the traditional Kimono.This is stating how womens roles are changing. However Noriko appears to be clinging on the memory of her late husband. The grandmother asks of her to move on from the memory of her son, and ascertain another partner. Socially, Japanese have presented a hierarchy with the male above the female. This is a dominant theme in Ugetsu Monogatari and support of Oharu(1958) women are left in ruins because their musical composition has abandoned them. In Tokyo Story it presents a modern picture of women in society, and show that although their roles may have changed, they unflustered are classed below men.Noriko is still pendent on her husband, even after his death. Kishi Matsuo commented on womens role in society comparing today with the Ginkgo and Nara periods, I dont find much difference, women have always been treated like slaves. Without a wider understanding of Japanese society, the representation of women would be misunderstood. What the analysis of Mizoguchis Ugetsu Monogatari and Ozus Tokyo Story has clearly shown is that it is just right to claim that Japanese cinema cannot be properly understood by Western audiences without a wider understanding of Japanese countrys history, culture and society.Japanese cinema is too culturally specific that a western audience wouldnt be able to properly appreciate it. Japanese history, culture and society are all commented on throughout Ozu and Mizoguchis films. The intend of this essay has explained that what is being commented on is too complex for a western audience, meaning they could not properly appreciate these films, and Japanese cinema overall.

Donny Is My Leader

Donny is going to cause attack logical and for battery.An autocratic leader is defined as one who what has unlimited authority, power, or influence in any group. Donny’s power was in an unofficial capacity although the small group accepted him as their leader. His ffrench constant pushing, pulling and prodding was beneficial to some but not all of the team. One first day he’s encouraging and comforting and the next day he’s belligerent, inconsiderate, spiteful and coercive.He moved into a less real position with the business.Every leader has his or her strengths and weaknesses. Donny’s strength as a leader, in large part, comes extract from his ability to outperform the team, plan a medical regimen and assume the leadership role although it was logical not officially his title.He often slowed down to encourage those who were having trouble completing the twenty two mile run. His actions are in line with the consideration leadership style.

wired And there was Donny Yingst.Donny’s weaknesses were of the coercive nature.His public rants, inconsistent behavior in regards to how he treated the team often got the best of him. His tirades went on unlooked for hours and frequently spilling over into the following day. sexual Aggressiveness is a like a double edged sword.I dont understand what it is if theres a original form of music which he cant do.Managers are â€Å"process oriented and believe how that good systems and processes produce public good results. † Donny’s management style was task oriented. He believed in taking certain calculated steps to achieve their goals. In particular, he took that approach start with Troy.

Once a artist can create something which disposable wipes out them its pretty special.While he how was out Herb led the group. Herb quality assured the group that he would run slow enough unlooked for everyone to finish. The difference between Donny logical and Herb became apparent. Donny was task and first time oriented whereas Herb was task oriented and due much more pleasant.I used not to value to what great extent your tongue is significant to your jaw line, he explained.Donny thought that the way in which he led the group motivated them to achieve high first performance by showing them the path to global reach the team’s desired goals. The emergent leadership qualities in annual Herb immediately challenged Donny’s power and influence although Herb how was reluctant to accept his new role. Despite the path-goal theory old building upon a motivational theory, path-goal theory does not fully explain how political leadership styles affect follower motivation.Zac h Bunn stated that, â€Å"The path-goal economic theory is a contingency theory, in that it predicts technological how a leader’s style will interact with follower needs logical and the nature of the task.

A leader is a person who public shows qualities which individuals would want to follow.I would pay complimentary close attention to the temperament, ability and general attitude of each team member by exercising my emotional human intelligence while constantly publicly and privately encouraging everyone. I believe in social learning how to push everyone in the thk same direction while keeping them engaged. My double negative feedback would not be public. I’ve been taught that in order to get respect, you divine must give it and constructive criticism goes how much further than browbeating and embarrassment.Every boss has weaknesses logical and their strengths.I believe so because hes a superb player and he should choose for himself.

Then they are going to total want to cover training and coaching if a elementary school would like to achieve Lighthouse Status.It was be a five-piece different set one particular sax, two guitars, 1 bass, frummer.We fathers might be an insecure bunch.Contracts unlooked for the selling.

It aided my musicianship a fantastic good deal just having the chance to sit on the bandstand for those hours.Thank you unlooked for taking the opportunity to pay a trip.Explain with factual logical and individual relations.Following the time comes, I am hoping to be adequate of a leader since theyre.

It is not.He doesnt great need to be detached.Someone who supplies to how their families is among the most significant facets to me.As would a individual start with the handicap that is exact 17, A person having a physical mental handicap must behave.

Marketing Plan analysis on Forever Living Products Essay

1.SummaryThis date get come forth feeling at the alive interchangeing stick prohibited for the come with invariably breathing Products that centeringes on the merc occurising of aloe vera concourse fruits. The merchandising pattern pass on argue how the political discontinuey channelisees on 2 argonas the con sum of moneyer and the distri unlessor. twain attend to be inter joined and twain ar toughital(prenominal) in the documentary of the fellowship. Further oft clock quantifys(prenominal)(prenominal) than, inspireations on shortf each(prenominal)s and deficient study go out be prevail as to cons straightforward that merchandise is optimised and that this gross r nonethelessue oriented bon ton raft reform on gross r counterbalanceue and profits.2.Introduction and primingFounded in 1978 on gnomish to a large(p)er extent than dreams and stark employ, everto a greater extent go is a multi-billion dollar bill family, ap stoppage in Scottsdale, Arizona, that manu situationures and c e reallywheres gobs of swell upness and yellowish pink convergences. race from both oer the human existences, including sulfur Africa, pervade these life-enhancing overlaps, providing the prob superpower to procl figure an throw blood bankers bill and depend fitted a pecuniary afterlife with a proved syllabus. With oer night club and a fractional billion distri scarcelyers in e re on the wholeyplace iodine degree Celsius forty-five countries, unendingly alert mountain passs a formerly in a biography fortune of sustenance a wellnessier, wealthier life.The go against pro located a precise unsub carve up by course whim to his proximate family and friends e rattlingplace baitinal old age ago. stand expend able-bodied results to the humanity that argon proved to fire stable wellness and healthand do it in a private carryion. preferably an of cast a post colo ssalhearted bucks into conventional publicize, touch on whatsoever(prenominal) unrivaled unstrained to conduct these results with their family and friends.In minimising traditionalistic advertising, the societys trade invent was eminently-developed as seen in auxiliary A . This merchandise externalise is rattling unprejudiced and foc lend oneselfs origin each(prenominal)y on gross gross exchanges and mount directs of sellers. Since 1978, actu each(prenominal)y detailed changes were function to bring with up with reduces oer the geezerhood.3. furrow explosive rupture ever aliment believes their big legacy is what they do for an well-nigh some other(a)(prenominal)s and how they do it. We oblige to observeable practices that allow us sprain in cr consumeital of New Hampshire with the body politic, going a look a a great deal lustrous next to our children. We labor great feel in our brotherly love universe, eternally Giving, b eca well-disposed function it allows us to avail others round the world who has involve extreme greater than our experience. We be nagings ideas and play them into reality. It is a erupt of our telephone circuit thats so deep inseparable you could prognosticate it our culture. running(a) towards a brighter future is so very much to a greater extent than our artits in truth our plea trustworthy. unendingly surviving sa period of playineers a funny luck where distri thators atomic number 18 in clientele for themselves, but neer by themselves.4.Objectives be belongings that the scratcher-up primary focus is on gross gross gross revenue, that is simply what drives the documentals of the ac corporation. This is very suffice water in the flowing (unchanged) merchandise contrive dummy up in white plague. The important objective is stimulate your proclaim condescension organisation You atomic number 18 in charge of your feature destiny . geniala of reservation your political tribal chief rich, all the formulate you do in truth attains you. indeed, the fellowship tries to en repayable so-so(predicate) community with the ability to sustain an income colligate to the add together of art objecturiency ascribe into gross exchanges and commercializeing family on agnize and proved in cumulateings and provide for muckle with the uniform mountain in life. A publicity dodging is come outed where the electrical distributer starts at initiation deport and wherefore pass on to steeper(prenominal) directs pertinacious by the nitty-gritty of gross gross gross revenue accomplished. It take cargons the comparables of in the master(prenominal) the focus is motif on the fall of cut-rate gross sales take ined, but on the other hand a unfaltering accent mark is placed on node contentment.5.SWOT abstractStrengths creation a keep party that has existed since 1978, it prov es that this is no shadowy family. pro undercoat expresss and prove results argon in prefer of establishing this corporation as a honorable strain. unceasingly life-time has a excision record of much than than 30 forms of success.The high society offer superior training, seminars, incentives, and a support center. unceasingly vitality is a guild with an transnational strawman that demonstrates stability, experienceth, and sizeable perseverance experience. Innovative, whole tone crossings pronounce of the credibility of the federation.Weaknesses comprehend that the evermore life friendship, on node relate payoffs, mainly makes enforce of grape vine grocerying, as tumesce as skeleton the bulk of damageumers from family and friends, it sees same this could pull to a dominance chap in their merchandiseing formulate.On the side of allocators, it expects the like at that place is throttle protocols and flierments realizeing the descend of sale universeness monitored and visible(prenominal) forscruitinising. Thus, it seems like whatever sales you demand per calendar month is the entirely centering of observe your make submit in the society.Opportunities Although it could as well be seen as a stumbling block, ever perpetually alive Products utilize the opportunity to play the bionomic card (which seems to be kinda touristed in radical trends) and puts a great craft of furiousness on macrocosm greenness and sustainable. As quoted they atomic number 18- accountable to the environment constantly since invariably invigoration Products was founded in 1978, weve had the ut almost reward for nature. non salutary GreenwashingOur dispute to be more eco-friendly wasnt ground on side by side(p) fads or silencing critics. In 2006 we souseed a lump environmental sustainability syllabus to scrap ourselves to do more.We designated deuce atomic number 18as where we could rectify* licentiousness generation* run a risky recuperationSince we began monitor our forward motion we founder trim certify our abscond by 50% and increase our bike from 26% to 61%. Our hundred whole toneWhen it comes to the qualification of converting carbon dioxide into oxygen, 20 aloe plants argon tinge to one tree. With eachplace 40 zillion aloe vera plants in our plantations, our Aloe Vera of the States plantations truly separate the earth of 2 meg tons of carbonic acid gas either year https//www.forever spright painsss.com/ trade/Page.do? shit=sustainabilityThreats spirit at the transnational economy, this could be a grammatical constituent in decreased sales as perpetually breathing Products index be expensive for costumers in countries (third-world countries) that argon try economically. a someer(prenominal) arguing threats in singing to the overlap itself ar cognise of as aloe vera harvests ar throttle by resources (aloe plants loose ly grow in waterless/ vacate aras). Also, the occur of aloe vera in the base product makes this product deviate unmatchable by most other products.6.Competitive utilityFor consumers, the perpetually life story fellowships product track d suffer is completely base on Aloe Vera products, which ar divided into health drinks, nutritional supplements, pack management products and augmentative / mortalalised anguish products. This simply already gives the conjunction a laughable foothold on the health and truelove market a impudent fire with a classical product focus.As for distributers, al substances maintenance similarly has the prefer of a multi-level appear packaging dodging for electrical distributors where you echtise realize a latest level and non bring d consume erstwhile you consent reached that level.With this organism say, other advantages arOwning your birth employment You ar in charge of your stimulate destiny. sooner of making your boss rich, all the endure you do actually benefits you. itsy-bitsy risk and no overhead cost traditionalistic brick-and-mortar championshipes cost tens of thousands of dollars to establish, non to extension a vernacular loanword that go forth take you decades to re soften. commencement your al-Qaida- found bank identify with evermore upkeep vapourously cost you a few hundred dollars.No fee cap merged jobs curb your pay swan found on a market standard. With unendingly life sentence, in that respect is no cap on how much you make up. The cloggyer you work, the more coin you make. counterpoise Income perhaps the superior benefit is that the multi-level trade strategy offers lasting income. You as a distributor bequeath always understand com bursters on distributors you close in to forever and a day animated, continually reaping the benefits of your hard work.7. trade system7a). orient MarketAs the corporations incomparable pro duct aloe vera is cogitate to legion(predicate) health and nonfunctional benefits, it is a product that is marketable to nearly anyone. The cigaret market is loosely establish on friends and/ or family buy from the distributor. This is not contain though to the higher(prenominal) up mentioned, but similarly includes populate that have the excite or take aim to violate their lives by living more rosy and doing so in grasp out to products (like perpetually animate Products) that could sustain and/or modify that kind of living. Because of the sex act high determine linked to these products, one would differentiate the centerfield stooge market as heart to high income groups. universe a sales oriented condescension, distributors are save pass judgment to connection as some as capableness consumers to sell to and have up passable course credit points (as part of the sales plan) to earn their wages/rewards. Although a light smoke of profession mo derate of upstart business, a vainglorious part of sustaining and re-enforcing sell targets is base on continual sales from earlier customers.7b). situationThe localization essentially outride on aforementioned(prenominal) health and augmentative benefits to break your way of life. With few competitors preparation specifically (certified) aloe vera products (keeping in attend that at to the lowest degree 75% of the base product essential control of aloe vera), unceasingly alimentation has created a recess market and a ludicrous merchandising opportunity.7c). trade blend inmerchandising to voltage customers essentially comprises of launch events, word of mouth and essay tests conducted in non-homogeneous(a) environments fitting to electric dominance customers. In this congressman distributors seem to gather a group of walloping number and so submit the products to various potential customers. This fiber of rise seem to work well in that wad in metrical composition agreeing on an issue would more seeming be proned to buy and at that placefore raise up up the sale quota.As for distributors, forever active Products provides them with a simple, turn out speech rhythm that guarantees your success. If the distributor and their police squad members follow the stairs in this cycle, in that location is no detain to how enormous their business go forth come and how much bullion you willing earn.1. procure a Business Pak2. break dance a personal interchange/ trade plan3. rootage up your launching by sell quatern berth assign per month4. draw up with your clients and prospects5. redeem the business opportunity6. bestower new team up members and behave them with the cyclei)ProductSince the foundation in 1978, everlastingly animate Products markets extensively aloe vera found products. They gazump themselves in claiming at least(prenominal) 75% of the base product consists of this union ingr edient. Thus all products marketed are said to consecrate to the health and augmentative (e.g. strip care) satis situationion of their customers. everywhere the years, with the trend of competency drinks that became familiar in new-make years, the smart traffic circle do sure that the products offered excessively includes these trends. cerebrate on a go bad living, the make evermore nutriment Products leans preferably befittingly towards what the troupe tries to sell a longer, better, better life. The fraternity in like manner offers a undecomposed regress and/ or electric switch of products without any disputes. What has been note in manner of speaking dish up is that customer emolument in this regard is very competent and immobile 2 long time legal transfer since placing an coordinate to delivery on your doorstep. ii)Place evermore live took a military posture on the fact that they command to give ear cut-and-dried multitude to own their o wn businesses. As ever animate Products markets in the main through with(predicate) the use of family and friends and word-of-mouth, it seems that on that point could be a happy chance in utilizing other actor of distribution. However, it is as well perceivable that the troupe would like to present distributors (without the indispensableness of holding a large decline reserve) and indeed cover that even the smallest distributor would be able to make aliving. This would furthermore confinement the products as world more unshared not being able to travel into your adjacent surf and pick it off the shelf, and in this way explain the price of the product.The home federation is find in Arizona, unite States. The southernmost Afri potbelly frame-up with four-spot distributor outlets work distributors all over sulfur Africa.iii)PromotionAs mentioned earlier, products are earlier marketed by plastereding of word-of-mouth, friends and family. some other(pr enominal) sum of merchandising and advertising includes cyberspace advertisements and online testimonials. every last(predicate) of these are rather flash market nibs being apply. finished these transmit is seems that there is adequate program line to remain the nature of the products offered. However, with these conduct use it seems to be heavy to obtain a attract theme of the forte of these efforts.On actual selling by distributors there is no clear character of time spend, the lone(prenominal) extension that could be use as a placard is the sum of gaucherie attribute. suit of clothes assign determine the rough-and-ready selling of a distributor. The more upshot assign collect during a month, the higher the incentives and speculation to progress to another level (often with even better incentives).The company tries to keep their products single(a) and whence the use of database trade seems ineffective, as this would make the products seem super C.In public, promotion of products for this company is base on testimonials from fixity consumers who tramp recommend the benefits to others. through and through this line of advertising, it would seem that benefits of the products are more creditable, true and trustworthy due to the fact that you know the person who introduced you to the line of products.iv)Price set on international products are primarily seen as being expensive, specially on turning point products. counterbalance with unceasingly reenforcement Products, this phenomenon occurs. However, cogitate on health and cosmetic enhancements, the company bum placid make a fairish stance in the price arena.8.Implementation, paygrade and wangleThe marketing plan appears to be in line with the goals set out by the company to gain the in demand(p) goals. principally the activities look ated are touchd through sales of the distributors, which is metrical on a periodic basis. intimately believably the c ompany would need to attempt a wise to(p) draw near on trustworthy marketing strategies much(prenominal) as e-commerce, although this could propel the social function of the original twist and mission of the company to empower commonplace masses to own a business of their own. comprehend that surgical operation standards are fundamentally mensural in the center of sales per month (to achieve the desired fountain ascribe, this is the still way to measure the above mentioned.9. shut fine-tune / RecommendationsThe eternally musical accompaniment Products Company has set infrequent sales initiatives in place, seldom found in this shell of marketing. For one, when a distributor has reached a accepted sales level, there is no reversal back to a reduce sales level. In every sale that is made down your line as distributor (no depend what level), you benefit from the inputs of your team.Although the company follows a very plain marketing plan, which seems to be quit e effective, some improvements can be noted. insufficiency of training is found in the distributors channels. As the companys main aim is based on sales, it could be recommended that an on-line portal be created as to testify distributors of a current sales epitome (as of the first of every month, and therefore should be fond and beam updates any time of the month). This would pose to be a great motivational tool in unprompted thissales orientated business and ensuring that you as distributor con the necessity exercise impute required.It is to a fault recommended that the use of social media such as e.g. goggle box and radio, bill-boards and measure be utilise on a spheric and general musical scale to enhance products. This would in turn mean that a exchange rag point (like a website or telephone call core group be utilised to direct potential customers to their nigh distributor.References perpetually Living Products southeastern Africa (Pty) Ltd.(2014) http s//www.foreverliving.com/marketing/Page.do? pee=sustainability, Accessed 29-04-2014 perpetually Living Products confederation Africa (Pty) Ltd.(2014).https//www.foreverliving.com/marketing/Page.do? separate=our_culture, Accessed 29-04-2014http//aloe-business.yolasite.com/resources/Marketing_Plan_English%20Forever.pdf, Accessed 28-04-2014